生物谷報(bào)道:很早,人們就認(rèn)為組織修復(fù)反應(yīng)可能與腫瘤發(fā)生過程有關(guān)系,,因?yàn)槟[瘤生長也可以被視為一種不受調(diào)節(jié)的組織修復(fù),。最近的一項(xiàng)利用小鼠進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,人體對于組織損傷產(chǎn)生的自然的修復(fù)反應(yīng)確實(shí)可以刺激腫瘤的生長,,而這也為炎癥反應(yīng)與癌癥之間提示了一個(gè)新的分子生物學(xué)上的關(guān)聯(lián),。Howard Hughes醫(yī)學(xué)研究所(HHMI)的研究者Ruslan Medzhitov和他的同事Seth Rakoff-Nahoum發(fā)現(xiàn),一個(gè)促使腸癌的生長的蛋白,,正常情況下此蛋白參與腸組織的損傷修復(fù),。耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們在2007年七月六號的Science上發(fā)表了這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)。他們說,,這項(xiàng)新的研究將幫助科學(xué)家們理解并可能最終控制這條促進(jìn)腫瘤生長的組織修復(fù)途徑,。
Medzhitov和Rakoff-Nahoum研究了一個(gè)稱為Myd88的蛋白的功能,,這個(gè)蛋白參與了引起腸部組織修復(fù)的一個(gè)分子信號通路。它能夠接受稱為Toll樣受體的關(guān)鍵免疫系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)蛋白的激活信號,。研究者們使用了adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)基因突變的小鼠,,這個(gè)基因與大部分人類遺傳性和自發(fā)性的結(jié)腸癌密切相關(guān)。而像人類一樣,,帶有此變異基因的小鼠會(huì)有不正常的腸組織的生長并且發(fā)生腫瘤。為了檢驗(yàn)Myd88在腫瘤發(fā)生中的作用,,研究者們設(shè)計(jì)制作出了一些不能產(chǎn)生Myd88蛋白的小鼠,。這些Myd88和APC基因都發(fā)生了突變的小鼠比那些只缺失了APC的小鼠的不正常腸組織生長和腫瘤發(fā)生都要少。而在仔細(xì)比較了兩個(gè)品系的小鼠后發(fā)現(xiàn),,它們發(fā)生稱為微腺瘤的癌前結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)目是一樣的,,但是如果缺失了Myd88,那么很多的這些微腺瘤都不會(huì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)生成為腫瘤,。而這也告訴研究者們,,Myd88對腫瘤的生長和發(fā)展有影響,但是對于癌癥的早期發(fā)生則不然,。
這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示也許Myd88涉及的途經(jīng)能夠通過控制組織修復(fù)反應(yīng)的起始來控制腫瘤的發(fā)生,。在正常的組織中,一旦組織修復(fù)反應(yīng)被誘導(dǎo)發(fā)生,,它就能補(bǔ)充好損傷的組織,,然后就停下來了。但是在有致癌性的突變的情況下,,最初的腫瘤生長被認(rèn)為是對組織的損害而激發(fā)組織修復(fù)反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,。這就導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)惡性循環(huán):組織修復(fù)產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞會(huì)被用于腫瘤團(tuán)的生長,而更大的腫瘤團(tuán)將被認(rèn)為是更大的組織損害,,從而導(dǎo)致組織修復(fù)反應(yīng)提供更多的細(xì)胞用于腫瘤的生長,。
在確認(rèn)Myd88是組織修復(fù)反應(yīng)的重要啟動(dòng)因子以后,研究人員下一步的研究方向?qū)⑹菍ふ夷軌蛟诮M織修復(fù)完畢后來關(guān)掉這個(gè)反應(yīng)的分子信號,。這可能為腫瘤的治療帶來新的研究思路,。
原文出處:
Science 6 July 2007 Vol 317, Issue 5834
Regulation of Spontaneous Intestinal Tumorigenesis Through the Adaptor Protein MyD88
Seth Rakoff-Nahoum and Ruslan Medzhitov
Science 6 July 2007: 124-127.
In mice, an innate immune signaling pathway controls the expression of several key genes that influence tumor development in the intestine.
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相關(guān)基因:
APC
Official Symbol APC and Name: adenomatosis polyposis coli [Homo sapiens]
Other Aliases: DP2, DP2.5, DP3, FAP, FPC, GS
Other Designations: adenomatosis polyposis coli tumor suppressor; adenomatous polyposis coli protein
Chromosome: 5; Location: 5q21-q22
Annotation: Chromosome 5, NC_000005.8 (112101483..112209835)
MIM: 175100
GeneID: 324
MYD88
Official Symbol MYD88 and Name: myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) [Homo sapiens]
Chromosome: 3; Location: 3p22
Annotation: Chromosome 3, NC_000003.10 (38155009..38159517)
MIM: 602170
GeneID: 4615
作者簡介:
Ruslan Medzhitov
Professor Yale University School of Medicine Section of Immunobiology
Research in this laboratory focuses on many aspects of innate immunity and includes the following areas: 1) Molecular mechanisms of innate immune recognition: Identification and analysis of receptors involved in innate immune recognition and signaling pathways activated by these receptors. The system of particular interest is the recently identified family of Toll-like receptors, which are conserved between mammals and insects. 2) Control of the adaptive immune responses by innate immune recognition. Signals induced upon innate immune recognition (co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines and chemokines) are necessary for the initiation and differentiation of the adaptive immune responses. We are interested in molecular mechanisms that allow translation of the signals recognized by the Pattern Recognition Receptors into activation of naive lymphocytes and their differentiation into effector cells. 3) Mechanisms of autoimmunity and allergy and new strategies for vaccine design