研究人員在4月4日的《細(xì)胞》(Cell)雜志上報(bào)告說,,原發(fā)性乳腺腫瘤內(nèi)的環(huán)境可以“賦予”腫瘤細(xì)胞脫落的能力,,使其能夠進(jìn)入血流并成功地侵入其它的器官,。
科研人員通過對(duì)數(shù)百個(gè)人類乳腺腫瘤的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,有證據(jù)顯示,,腫瘤微環(huán)境中的細(xì)胞因子TGF?可以啟動(dòng)乳腺癌細(xì)胞向肺部轉(zhuǎn)移的過程,,而肺部是乳腺癌及其他癌癥轉(zhuǎn)移的最常見的部位。TGF?的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)過程通常是在腫瘤內(nèi)部被激活的,,而這一激活過程是對(duì)腫瘤發(fā)展時(shí)所造成的缺氧及炎癥的一個(gè)自然的反應(yīng),。
紐約Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center的Joan Massague說:“腫瘤的微環(huán)境中并非只有癌癥細(xì)胞,那里其實(shí)聚集有所有其它類型的細(xì)胞,。”他說,,近些年來,人們將注意力越來越多地放在這些其它類型的身體細(xì)胞在局部對(duì)腫瘤會(huì)發(fā)生怎樣的影響力,,即它們是如何影響血管的生長以及癌癥細(xì)胞進(jìn)入血循環(huán)的能力等等,。
他說道:“我們的研究顯示,情況還不止于此,。這些癌癥細(xì)胞還能夠發(fā)出為其長期服務(wù)的指令,。”
該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)數(shù)百個(gè)原發(fā)性乳腺腫瘤中的人類基因組中的所有2萬個(gè)基因的表達(dá)進(jìn)行了分析。這些腫瘤根據(jù)它們的雌激素受體是陽性或陰性(ER+ 或 ER-)而被分為2個(gè)典型組群,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,在這兩個(gè)腫瘤組群中,大約40%的腫瘤帶有受TGF?影響的基因標(biāo)簽,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,接觸TGF?似乎對(duì)ER+腫瘤的的擴(kuò)散危險(xiǎn)并無任何影響。但是,,在ER-的腫瘤中,,TGF?卻與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移到肺部(但不是轉(zhuǎn)移到骨骼)危險(xiǎn)的增加具有明顯的相關(guān)性,。Massague說,換言之,,“背景環(huán)境很有關(guān)系,。”
研究人員對(duì)此繼續(xù)進(jìn)行挖掘,終于揭示出了這一相關(guān)性背后的“令人著迷的生物學(xué),。” 他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,ER-腫瘤在接觸TGF?后會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些腫瘤細(xì)胞中第2種細(xì)胞因子的增加,這種細(xì)胞因子叫做血管生成素樣蛋白-4(ANGPTL4),。一旦這種腫瘤細(xì)胞從腫瘤中逸出并儲(chǔ)留在肺部后,,ANGPTL4會(huì)破壞薄壁毛細(xì)血管細(xì)胞間的連接。當(dāng)細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞間的接觸被分開之后,,即可使癌癥細(xì)胞穿越血管壁而進(jìn)入肺臟本身,。
這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示,人們也許可以將TGF?(也許ANGPTL4更為適合)當(dāng)作藥物的標(biāo)靶來防止乳腺癌向肺部轉(zhuǎn)移,。這種TGF?標(biāo)簽可能還能為人們對(duì)那些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性特別高的可能出現(xiàn)肺部轉(zhuǎn)移的乳腺癌病人提供一種預(yù)測的方法,,以便他們能夠受到更為密切的監(jiān)控并用現(xiàn)有的藥物進(jìn)行更為積極的治療。
Massague說,,他懷疑這些新的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是不止一種腫瘤的更為普遍的癌癥現(xiàn)象,。
他說:“一個(gè)腫瘤細(xì)胞需要具有許多特殊的能力才能進(jìn)入并植根于一個(gè)器官。”畢竟“我們的機(jī)體并非是由那些像腫瘤細(xì)胞[有時(shí)]設(shè)法的那樣可以去到任何地方的細(xì)胞組成的,。我們已經(jīng)顯示,,存在于原發(fā)性腫瘤內(nèi)的因子可以作用于腫瘤細(xì)胞來增強(qiáng)其選擇性轉(zhuǎn)移到其它組織的能力。”(來源:EurekAlert!中文版)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
(Cell),,Vol 133, 66-77,,David Padua,Joan Massagué
TGFβ Primes Breast Tumors for Lung Metastasis Seeding through Angiopoietin-like 4
David Padua,1 Xiang H.-F. Zhang,1 Qiongqing Wang,1 Cristina Nadal,5 William L. Gerald,2 Roger R. Gomis,4 and Joan Massagué1,3,
1 Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
2 Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
4 Oncology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
5 Institut de Malalties Hemato-Oncològiques, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Corresponding author
Joan Massagué
[email protected]
Summary
Cells released from primary tumors seed metastases to specific organs by a nonrandom process, implying the involvement of biologically selective mechanisms. Based on clinical, functional, and molecular evidence, we show that the cytokine TGFβ in the breast tumor microenvironment primes cancer cells for metastasis to the lungs. Central to this process is the induction of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) by TGFβ via the Smad signaling pathway. TGFβ induction of Angptl4 in cancer cells that are about to enter the circulation enhances their subsequent retention in the lungs, but not in the bone. Tumor cell-derived Angptl4 disrupts vascular endothelial cell-cell junctions, increases the permeability of lung capillaries, and facilitates the trans-endothelial passage of tumor cells. These results suggest a mechanism for metastasis whereby a cytokine in the primary tumor microenvironment induces the expression of another cytokine in departing tumor cells, empowering these cells to disrupt lung capillary walls and seed pulmonary metastases.