美國科學(xué)家近日研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,蛋白IKK alpha(IKKα)調(diào)控著角化細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期,,并在阻止這些皮膚細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為惡性腫瘤方面扮演了關(guān)鍵角色。研究人員稱,,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為預(yù)防皮膚癌提供了新的治療標(biāo)靶,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在9月9日的《癌細(xì)胞》(Cancer Cell)雜志上。
角化細(xì)胞起源于表皮的基底層,,用于替換脫落的皮膚表皮細(xì)胞,。當(dāng)角化細(xì)胞穿越表層上升時(shí),它們進(jìn)行分化并最終形成皮膚的頂層,,由扁平細(xì)胞組成,。這一周期經(jīng)過終末分化而結(jié)束,這時(shí)細(xì)胞喪失了繁殖的能力,,最終死亡,。
在最新的研究中,美國德州大學(xué)安德森癌癥中心的Yinling Hu和同事制成了角化細(xì)胞中刪除了IKKα的小鼠模型,。經(jīng)過一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn),,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),IKKα行使著“崗哨”的功能,,它監(jiān)控著角化細(xì)胞的增殖并誘使發(fā)生終末分化,。而且,即使表皮內(nèi)只含有很低水平的IKKα也已足夠令胚胎皮膚正常發(fā)育,。
研究人員檢查了與缺乏IKKα細(xì)胞中過度增殖及減少的分化有關(guān)的信號通路,。在其中一個(gè),他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,IKKα關(guān)閉了一個(gè)能激活EGFR和其它增長因子的細(xì)胞信號回路,,這些增長因子之前發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠調(diào)控角化細(xì)胞的增殖和分化。
另外一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,,在變異小鼠中刪除角化細(xì)胞中的IKKα會導(dǎo)致皮膚癌,,而滅活EGFR會逆轉(zhuǎn)這一過程,。此外,不論是滅活EGFR還是再引入IKKα都能抑制過度的細(xì)胞分裂,,誘使發(fā)生終末分化,,通過壓制EGFR驅(qū)動的信號回路而預(yù)防皮膚癌。
研究小組總結(jié)說,,IKKα是增殖和分化的開關(guān),,對于維持皮膚動態(tài)靜止或穩(wěn)定,以及預(yù)防皮膚癌都是必需的,。Hu說:“這一研究說明了IKKα對于維持皮膚動態(tài)平衡及預(yù)防皮膚癌的重要性,,同時(shí)揭示了IKKα在這些過程中的作用機(jī)制。我們將進(jìn)一步調(diào)查IKKα怎樣標(biāo)靶單個(gè)的原初癌細(xì)胞,,這將產(chǎn)生治療癌癥的新途徑,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cancer Cell,Vol 14, 212-225,,Bigang Liu,,Yinling Hu
IKKα Is Required to Maintain Skin Homeostasis and Prevent Skin Cancer
Bigang Liu,1 Xiaojun Xia,1 Feng Zhu,1 Eunmi Park,1 Steve Carbajal,1 Kaoru Kiguchi,1John DiGiovanni,1 Susan M. Fischer,1 and Yinling Hu1,2,
1 Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
It has long been known that excessive mitotic activity due to H-Ras can block keratinocyte differentiation and cause skin cancer. It is not clear whether there are any innate surveillants that are able to ensure that keratinocytes undergo terminal differentiation, preventing the disease. IKKα induces keratinocyte terminal differentiation, and its downregulation promotes skin tumor development. However, its intrinsic function in skin cancer is unknown. Here, we found that mice with IKKα deletion in keratinocytes develop a thickened epidermis and spontaneous squamous cell-like carcinomas. Inactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or reintroduction of IKKα inhibits excessive mitosis, induces terminal differentiation, and prevents skin cancer through repressing an EGFR-driven autocrine loop. Thus, IKKα serves as an innate surveillant.