美國(guó)華盛頓大學(xué)圣路易斯學(xué)院克雷格·皮卡爾德教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組4日表示,,他們?cè)诤巳曙@性(nucleolardominance)現(xiàn)象的研究方面取得了突破性的進(jìn)展,發(fā)現(xiàn)雜交植物或動(dòng)物中整組親代核糖核酸RNA基因遭受沉默(被關(guān)閉),。由于核仁顯性的機(jī)理同癌癥這類疾病失控的機(jī)制在某些方面相同,,因此皮卡爾德的研究在醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用方面具有十分重要的意義。相關(guān)研究論文刊登在最新一期的《分子細(xì)胞》雜志上,。
核仁顯性是一種表觀遺傳現(xiàn)象,,指基因表達(dá)發(fā)生改變但不涉及DNA序列的變化,,可以由DNA甲基化之外的組蛋白編碼的改變引起,。在這種現(xiàn)象中一套親代遺傳給雜合體子代的核糖體基因遭受沉默。當(dāng)核仁在從單親那里遺傳來(lái)的染色體上形成時(shí),,細(xì)胞核內(nèi)就會(huì)發(fā)生核仁顯性現(xiàn)象,。核糖核酸RNA基因的表達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)了這些核仁的形成。兩種不同種類的植物或動(dòng)物雜合后,,總是選擇表達(dá)雜合中一特殊親代種類的核糖體RNA基因,,而無(wú)論該特殊親代種類是母系還是父系。
核糖核酸RNA是核糖體的一個(gè)主要成分,,而核糖體是細(xì)胞的蛋白生產(chǎn)基地,。細(xì)胞在核糖核酸RNA基因充裕時(shí),能利用核仁顯性來(lái)控制生物體中核糖體的量,。皮卡爾德表示,,如果人們能利用核仁顯性的沉默機(jī)理來(lái)限制核糖核酸RNA基因的表達(dá),那么就有望能減緩腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)率,,從而減緩癌癥這類疾病的發(fā)展,。
在癌細(xì)胞中,核仁明顯較大,,這是由于核糖核酸RNA轉(zhuǎn)錄時(shí)核仁急劇增多所造成的,,而這反過(guò)來(lái)又導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)核糖體大量地增加。核糖體活動(dòng)的升級(jí)意味著細(xì)胞能以非正常的高速率合成蛋白,,從而發(fā)生細(xì)胞增殖失控,,這是疾病的典型表征。
對(duì)癌癥患者而言,,完全讓所有的核糖體基因出現(xiàn)沉默并非可行的治理方法,,因?yàn)槿艘?,就離不開(kāi)核糖體。不過(guò),,皮卡爾德和合作者的研究表明,,小干擾RNA能夠指揮核糖體基因發(fā)生沉默的時(shí)間和范圍,這比讓所有核糖體基因沉默或者不讓任何核糖體基因沉默的方法要復(fù)雜得多,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Molecular Cell, Volume 32, Issue 5, 673-684,doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.11.009
Multimegabase Silencing in Nucleolar Dominance Involves siRNA-Directed DNA Methylation and Specific Methylcytosine-Binding Proteins
Sasha B. Preuss1,6,Pedro Costa-Nunes1,5,6,Sarah Tucker1,Olga Pontes1,Richard J. Lawrence1,Rebecca Mosher2,3,Kristin D. Kasschau4,James C. Carrington4,David C. Baulcombe2,3,Wanda Viegas5andCraig S. Pikaard1,,
1 Biology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
3 The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
4 Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
5 Centro de Botanica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
6 These authors contributed equally to the work
SUMMARY
In genetic hybrids, the silencing of nucleolar rRNA genes inherited from one progenitor is the epigenetic phenomenon known as nucleolar dominance. An RNAi knockdown screen identified the Arabidopsis de novo cytosine methyltransferase, DRM2, and the methylcytosine binding domain proteins, MBD6 and MBD10, as activities required for nucleolar dominance. MBD10 localizes throughout the nucleus, but MBD6 preferentially associates with silenced rRNA genes and does so in a DRM2-dependent manner. DRM2 methylation is thought to be guidedby siRNAs whose biogenesis requires RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 (RDR2) and DICER-LIKE 3 (DCL3). Consistent with this hypothesis, knockdown of DCL3 or RDR2 disrupts nucleolar dominance. Collectively, these results indicate that in addition to directing the silencing of retrotransposons and noncoding repeats, siRNAs specify de novo cytosine methylation patterns that are recognized by MBD6 and MBD10 in the large-scale silencing of rRNA gene loci.