科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一類蛋白“磁鐵”將是阻止癌癥向全身擴(kuò)散的關(guān)鍵因素,。英國(guó)癌癥研究中心的一組科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)二種蛋白Tiam1和Src,,其中Tiam1可以將其它一組蛋白吸附到自身,就像金屬被吸附到磁鐵上一樣,。而且,被吸附的這組蛋白還不會(huì)破壞Tiam1,。因此,,Tiam1成了防止細(xì)胞粘在一起的關(guān)鍵因素,從而破壞了癌細(xì)胞之間的連接,,達(dá)到防止癌細(xì)胞隨意擴(kuò)散的目的,。如今,科學(xué)家希望開發(fā)能防止破壞Tiam1毀滅的藥物,,從而可望阻止癌癥擴(kuò)散,。
相反,另一種蛋白Src則具有Tiam1截然相反的作用,,能導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞之間的連接瓦解,,使細(xì)胞分散并自由遷移。這一過程出現(xiàn)在人體的正常發(fā)育和傷口的治愈上,,但也出現(xiàn)在癌細(xì)胞全身擴(kuò)散的過程中,。科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),,Src蛋白的作用是將一種化學(xué)物吸附到細(xì)胞中的其它蛋白上,,此過程叫磷酸化作用。此過程能導(dǎo)致其它蛋白的功能出現(xiàn)差異,。
負(fù)責(zé)此項(xiàng)研究的英國(guó)曼徹斯特大學(xué)帕特森學(xué)院的安格利克·馬利里博士說:“我們已經(jīng)在這一過程上實(shí)現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵性的突破,,可以破壞癌細(xì)胞之間的連接。更重要的是,,我們研究還顯示阻礙Tiam1的毀滅能防止癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移和擴(kuò)散,。如果我們能模仿癌癥患者體內(nèi)的這種效應(yīng),,我們就能重建正常細(xì)胞之間的連接,從而可望阻止癌癥擴(kuò)散,??刂圃缙诎┌Y的轉(zhuǎn)移和擴(kuò)散意味著癌癥治愈的成功率更高。”
英國(guó)癌癥研究中心癌癥信息處的主任萊斯利,?沃爾克博士說:“我們將看到如果此研究能開發(fā)出新藥物來阻止癌癥擴(kuò)散,,這將使我們更能了解癌癥是如何擴(kuò)散的。”
一些蛋白能幫助單個(gè)細(xì)胞和組織聚合在一起,。Tiam1蛋白最初是在T細(xì)胞淋巴瘤細(xì)胞(T-lymphoma)中識(shí)別出來的,,如今已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)它在其它細(xì)胞中具有維持和確定鄰近細(xì)胞連接類型的作用,叫黏著連接(adherens junction,AJ),。除其它蛋白之外,,Tiam1在防止此連接接處細(xì)胞之間的連接方面起了關(guān)鍵作用。
科學(xué)家認(rèn)為Src蛋白通過磷酸化作用導(dǎo)致黏著連接瓦解,。于是,,科學(xué)家在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里做細(xì)胞成長(zhǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證其理論,最終,,他們通過檢查不同種類的人類癌癥(包括肺癌,、腸癌和頸癌)來查看這些組織中的Tiam1蛋白是否被酸化,這癌變組織中是否能發(fā)現(xiàn)活性的Src蛋白,。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),,Src蛋白將磷酸化的集合附著在Tiam1蛋白的黏著連接上,觸發(fā)黏著連接瓦解,,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞自由擴(kuò)散,。相關(guān)研究成果已經(jīng)發(fā)表在最新一期的《分子細(xì)胞》雜志上。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Molecular Cell, 13 March 2009 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.02.012
Src-Induced Disassembly of Adherens Junctions Requires Localized Phosphorylation and Degradation of the Rac Activator Tiam1
Simon A. Woodcock1,Claire Rooney1,Michalis Liontos3,Yvonne Connolly2,Vassilis Zoumpourlis4,Anthony D. Whetton5,Vassilis G. Gorgoulis3andAngeliki Malliri1,,
1 Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
2 Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cancer Research UK Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
3 Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens 11146, Greece
4 Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens 11635, Greece
5 Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Group, School of Cancer and Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
Summary
The Rac activator Tiam1 is required for adherens junction (AJ) maintenance, and its depletion results in AJ disassembly. Conversely, the oncoprotein Src potently induces AJ disassembly and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we show that Tiam1 is phosphorylated on Y384 by Src. This occurs predominantly at AJs, is required for Src-induced AJ disassembly and cell migration, and creates a docking site on Tiam1 for Grb2. We find that Tiam1 is associated with ERK. Following recruitment of the Grb2-Sos1 complex, ERK becomes activated and triggers the localized degradation of Tiam1 at AJs, likely involving calpain proteases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in human tumors, Y384 phosphorylation positively correlates with Src activity, and total Tiam1 levels are inversely correlated. Thus, our data implicate Tiam1 phosphorylation and consequent degradation in Src-mediated EMT and resultant cell motility and establish a paradigm for regulating local concentrations of Rho-GEFs.