美國研究人員近日聲稱,,對抗癌癥方面,,光波是“大有可為”的工具,。
據(jù)報道,,發(fā)表于《自然—醫(yī)學》(Nature Medicine)的一項研究顯示,,科學家可研制一種附著在腫瘤上的藥物,而這種藥物只有得到一種特定波長的光照到時才會活化,。這表示該療法可以十分精確地鎖定在治療目標上,,且不會破壞周邊組織。
一個癌癥慈善團體說,,這項療法在開始階段就“大有可為”,。
據(jù)悉,目前的癌癥療法可分成三類:輻射摧毀癌細胞,,手術(shù)移除腫瘤,,或是使用藥物殺死癌細胞。這些方法都有副作用,,因此科學家正試圖想出更精確的療法,。
在這項研究中,美國馬里蘭州的國家癌癥研究所研究人員使用一種抗體,,將目標鎖定在癌細胞表面的蛋白質(zhì),。接著,他們在抗體上加上一種化學藥品IR700,。 IR700在近處的紅外線照到時會活化,。這種波長的光線可以滲透到皮膚下好幾公分。
為了測試這種抗體與化學藥品的結(jié)合療法,,研究人員將鱗狀上皮細胞癌的腫瘤移植到老鼠背部,。研究人員會給予老鼠藥物,并讓它們暴露在近處紅外線的光線,。
研究稱:“比起未接受治療的控制組老鼠,,這些老鼠的腫瘤體積大大減少,存活率明顯增加,。這種選擇性的殺害方法,,可以讓正常細胞的受損程度降到最低。”
作者說,,這種結(jié)合是“癌癥療法大有可為的治療與診斷手段”,。
不過,研究人員也表示:“雖然在我們的實驗中沒有觀察到毒性 ,,但這種方法的在臨床上還是需要正式的毒性研究,。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nm.2554
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Cancer cell–selective in vivo near infrared photoimmunotherapy targeting specific membrane molecules
Makoto Mitsunaga,1 Mikako Ogawa,1 Nobuyuki Kosaka,1 Lauren T Rosenblum,1 Peter L Choyke1 & Hisataka Kobayashi1
Three major modes of cancer therapy (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy) are the mainstay of modern oncologic therapy. To minimize the side effects of these therapies, molecular-targeted cancer therapies, including armed antibody therapy, have been developed with limited success. In this study, we have developed a new type of molecular-targeted cancer therapy, photoimmunotherapy (PIT), that uses a target-specific photosensitizer based on a near-infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IR700, conjugated to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptors. Cell death was induced immediately after irradiating mAb-IR700–bound target cells with NIR light. We observed in vivo tumor shrinkage after irradiation with NIR light in target cells expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor. The mAb-IR700 conjugates were most effective when bound to the cell membrane and produced no phototoxicity when not bound, suggesting a different mechanism for PIT as compared to conventional photodynamic therapies. Target-selective PIT enables treatment of cancer based on mAb binding to the cell membrane.