卵巢癌是女性健康大敵,，而手術(shù)后癌細胞的擴散更卵巢癌是女性健康大敵，而手術(shù)后癌細胞的擴散更是醫(yī)學界一直以來面臨的難題,。據(jù)外國媒體11月23日報道,，日本科學家近日研制出一種新型熒光試劑，能迅速識別癌細胞,，有望解決卵巢癌擴散難題,。
開發(fā)這款新型熒光試劑的是來自日本國家癌癥研究所的久高古林所帶領(lǐng)的研究團隊，他們的研究成果發(fā)表在11月23日的《科學—轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學》期刊上,。卵巢癌極易擴散,，即便手術(shù)切除癌細胞，往往還會有許多直徑小于1毫米的腫瘤留在病人體內(nèi),。此前用來標記癌細胞的試劑都需要提前注射或者施用,，很長時間之后才能起效,，但久高古林的研究團隊以廣泛存在于多種癌細胞中的“γ-谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶（GGT）”為切入點研制的新型試劑便可快速起效,，識別率高達70%。
實驗中,，研究人員通過基因改造將實驗鼠體內(nèi)的腫瘤細胞染成熒光紅色,，然后在腫瘤區(qū)域噴涂試劑。約10到20秒后,，原先的紅色熒光區(qū)域便發(fā)出了綠色的熒光,。此外，這種試劑在使用前完全無色,，施用后熒光可以維持兩分鐘之久,。
久高古林認為，與此前的同類產(chǎn)品相比，他們開發(fā)的試劑更加方便,。“如果需要提前注射的話,，實用性就會大打折扣。但這一款新型試劑則完全不同,，手術(shù)醫(yī)師可以隨時使用,。”
目前，久高古林的研究團隊正在為下一步將進行的人體實驗做準備,，也在探尋將這種試劑用于識別其他癌細胞的可能性,。來自美國加州大學圣迭戈癌癥研究中心的邁克爾·布維博士認為，這個想法“很有吸引力”,，有望大大改善卵巢癌手術(shù)的效果,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002823
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Rapid Cancer Detection by Topically Spraying a γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase–Activated Fluorescent Probe
Urano, Yasuteru; Sakabe, Masayo; Kosaka, Nobuyuki; Ogawa, Mikako; Mitsunaga, Makoto; Asanuma, Daisuke; Kamiya, Mako; Young, Matthew R.; Nagano, Tetsuo; Choyke, Peter L.; Kobayashi, Hisataka
The ability of the unaided human eye to detect small cancer foci or accurate borders between cancer and normal tissue duringsurgery or endoscopy is limited. Fluorescent probes are useful for enhancing visualization of small tumors but are typicallylimited by either high background signal or the requirement for administration hours to days before use. We synthesized arapidly activatable, cancer-selective fluorescence imaging probe, γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG), withintramolecular spirocyclic caging for complete quenching. Activation occurs by rapid one-step cleavage of glutamate with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase(GGT), which is not expressed in normal tissue, but is overexpressed on the cell membrane of various cancer cells, thus leadingto complete uncaging and dequenching of the fluorescence probe. In vitro activation of gGlu-HMRG was evident in 11 human ovariancancer cell lines tested. In vivo in mouse models of disseminated human peritoneal ovarian cancer, activation of gGlu-HMRGoccurred within 1 min of topically spraying the tumor, creating high signal contrast between the tumor and the background.The gGlu-HMRG probe is practical for clinical application during surgical or endoscopic procedures because of its rapid andstrong activation upon contact with GGT on the surface of cancer cells.
