乳腺癌早期檢測每年挽救成千上萬的生命,。但是乳腺癌篩查也產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的警示,這將導(dǎo)致過度的緊張與昂貴的醫(yī)療賬單?,F(xiàn)在,,最近的患者血液研究揭示在早期篩查中引申出的減少錯(cuò)誤警示量的可能方法。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)由乳腺癌釋出的一組蛋白質(zhì),,這組蛋白質(zhì)容易檢測,,能區(qū)分真正的乳腺癌與良性腫塊。
這項(xiàng)研究使用了已在臨床上使用的診斷工具,。如果結(jié)果能在更長的時(shí)間內(nèi)用更多志愿者進(jìn)行重復(fù),,將直接從實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究過渡到臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
生物學(xué)家Richard Zangar,,來自西北太平洋國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室(PNNL)能源部,主持發(fā)表在《癌流行病學(xué):生物標(biāo)志物與預(yù)防》7月期上的研究,,他說:"我們驚訝地看見我們能從象乳房X線照片的癌癥篩查所得結(jié)果中區(qū)分精確的與錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)果,。我確實(shí)想延伸工作來證明我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)"。
發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌是治療它的第一步,,但是乳房X線照片有很高的錯(cuò)誤警示率,。許多婦女經(jīng)歷不必要的、侵害性的后續(xù)測試,。為了改善這個(gè)過程,,一些研究人員正在從事簡單臨床血樣測試的研究,通過這個(gè)簡單臨床血樣測試就可以檢測由癌性組織釋出的蛋白質(zhì),。
當(dāng)論及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中的假陽性時(shí),,這些被稱為生物標(biāo)志物的蛋白質(zhì)沒有比乳房X線照片做得更好。但是研究人員已經(jīng)接近生物標(biāo)志物,,好象每一類乳腺癌都是相同的,。在現(xiàn)實(shí)中,乳腺癌有幾個(gè)亞型,,每個(gè)亞型有明顯的特征,。
例如,生產(chǎn)稱為雌激素受體的蛋白的乳腺癌是一種不同的亞型,,不同于對不同治療反應(yīng)和不反應(yīng)的類型,。Zangar和同事們想知道尋找不同亞型的生物標(biāo)志物特異性是否能增強(qiáng)獲得正確診斷的優(yōu)勢。
為了探討這個(gè)想法,,Zanger和同事們在PNNL和杜克大學(xué)挑選出23個(gè)候選生物標(biāo)志物,,用與臨床建立的相同的試驗(yàn)測量這些生物標(biāo)志物。研究小組比較了四組婦女血樣中的蛋白--每種乳腺癌亞型為一組,,每組約20個(gè)婦女--這些帶良性腫塊的婦女先前已被確定為的假陽性,。然后,,Zangar研究小組將每一亞型的幾個(gè)生物標(biāo)志物進(jìn)行歸類,這些標(biāo)志特最能區(qū)分最真的陽性與最少的假陽性,。
每一亞型的生物標(biāo)志物組比乳房X線照片或單一生物標(biāo)志物可更好地區(qū)分乳腺癌與良性腫塊,。研究小組用的統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)顯著率為0.5到1.0--0.5暗示生物標(biāo)志物組隨機(jī)預(yù)測癌癥,而1.0意味著理想的預(yù)測,。乳房X線照片和最好的單生物標(biāo)志物被評為0.8左右,。但是,對于兩個(gè)最常見的乳腺癌亞型,,生物標(biāo)志物組位于0.95以上和達(dá)到0.99,,這依賴于生物標(biāo)志物組包含的是哪一個(gè)蛋白。
"也許研究人員還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)好的生物標(biāo)志物,,因?yàn)樗麄円恢睂⒉煌瑏喰妥鳛閱我患膊韺Υ?,但他們事?shí)上代表唯一一種與不同生物標(biāo)志物相關(guān)的疾病。"Zangar說,,"我們希望這些結(jié)果能被重復(fù),,因?yàn)檫@些測定將顯著提高我們的能力,其中包括及早檢測乳腺癌,,什么時(shí)候治療更有效,,更經(jīng)濟(jì)和更不嚴(yán)苛。"
另外,,研究暗示乳腺癌的潛在生物學(xué),。四種生物標(biāo)志物是涉及正常乳腺發(fā)育的蛋白,在生長期間它們在不同時(shí)間打開和關(guān)閉,。
這個(gè)研究組正在尋求可資助在幾年內(nèi)對大量可追蹤的婦女志愿者重復(fù)研究的另外的資金,。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-1248
PMC:
PMID:
Plasma Biomarker Profiles Differ Depending on Breast Cancer Subtype but RANTES Is Consistently Increased
Rachel M. Gonzalez, Don S. Daly, Ruimin Tan, Jeffrey R. Marks, Richard C. Zangar
Abstract Background: Current biomarkers for breast cancer have little potential for detection. We determined whether breast cancer subtypes influence circulating protein biomarkers. Methods: A sandwich ELISA microarray platform was used to evaluate 23 candidate biomarkers in plasma samples that were obtained from subjects with either benign breast disease or invasive breast cancer. All plasma samples were collected at the time of biopsy, after a referral due to a suspicious screen (e.g., mammography). Cancer samples were evaluated on the basis of breast cancer subtypes, as defined by the HER2 and estrogen receptor statuses. Results: Ten proteins were statistically altered in at least one breast cancer subtype, including four epidermal growth factor receptor ligands, two matrix metalloproteases, two cytokines, and two angiogenic factors. Only one cytokine, RANTES, was significantly increased (P < 0.01 for each analysis) in all four subtypes, with areas under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic values that ranged from 0.76 to 0.82, depending on cancer subtype. The best AUC values were observed for analyses that combined data from multiple biomarkers, with values ranging from 0.70 to 0.99, depending on the cancer subtype. Although the results for RANTES are consistent with previous publications, the multi-assay results need to be validated in independent sample sets. Conclusions: Different breast cancer subtypes produce distinct biomarker profiles, and circulating protein biomarkers have potential to differentiate between true- and false-positive screens for breast cancer. Impact: Subtype-specific biomarker panels may be useful for detecting breast cancer or as an adjunct assay to improve the accuracy of current screening methods. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(7); 1543-51. ?2011 AACR.