乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移的整合模型,,圖片來自Nature Reviews Cancer 5, 591-602 (August 2005) | doi:10.1038/nrc1670,。
根據(jù)美國密歇根大學(xué)綜合癌癥中心研究人員發(fā)表的一篇新研究論文,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)用來阻斷血管生長的癌癥治療藥物增加小鼠乳腺腫瘤中的癌干細(xì)胞(cancer stem cell)數(shù)量,,提示著這些藥物為什么不能增加小鼠更長存活時(shí)間的一種可能的解釋,。
藥物阿瓦斯丁(Avastin,,亦稱作bevacizumab,即貝伐單抗)和索坦(Sutent,,亦稱作sunitinib,,即舒尼替尼)一直被視為潛在的乳腺腫瘤治療藥物。但是盡管它們確實(shí)讓腫瘤萎縮和延緩腫瘤演進(jìn)的時(shí)間,,但是這種效應(yīng)不會(huì)持續(xù)存在,,腫瘤最終再次生長和擴(kuò)散。
密歇根大學(xué)綜合癌癥中心主任Max S. Wicha醫(yī)學(xué)博士是該研究論文的作者,。他說,,“臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明婦女接受諸如阿瓦斯丁之類的乳腺癌抗血管試劑治療后延遲腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的時(shí)間,但是不會(huì)影響病人存活,,這項(xiàng)研究為這些臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果提供一種解釋,。如果我們的結(jié)果應(yīng)用到臨床治療,它提示著要使得治療有效果,,這些試劑將需要與癌干細(xì)胞抑制物結(jié)合使用,,人們當(dāng)前正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室探索這種方法。”
研究人員使用阿瓦斯丁和索坦治療患乳腺癌的小鼠,,這兩種藥物都是通過阻止血管形成而發(fā)揮作用,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)用這些藥物治療過的腫瘤產(chǎn)生更多的癌干細(xì)胞,即腫瘤內(nèi)促進(jìn)癌癥生長和擴(kuò)散而且經(jīng)常抵抗常規(guī)治療的少量細(xì)胞,。在用這些抗癌藥物中的一種治療后,,癌干細(xì)胞的數(shù)量和在腫瘤中所占比例都增加。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)由于對(duì)低氧條件作出細(xì)胞反應(yīng),,癌干細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加,,而且他們能夠確定涉及激活癌干細(xì)胞的低氧條件的特異性途徑。2012年1月23日,,該研究結(jié)果在線發(fā)表在PNAS期刊上,。
美國食品藥品管理局最近撤銷阿瓦斯丁用于治療乳腺癌的授權(quán),盡管該藥物仍被批準(zhǔn)用于治療其他類型的癌癥,。癌癥復(fù)發(fā)的臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該藥物的效益是短暫的,,因?yàn)槿橄侔┎∪撕芸鞆?fù)發(fā),而且癌癥變得更加具有侵襲性和在全身進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)散,??傊@種藥物并不能讓病人存活更長,。
當(dāng)前研究提示著人們可能將抗血管形成藥物和癌干細(xì)胞抑制劑結(jié)合使用從而增加這種治療的療效,。研究人員正在小鼠中測試這種方法,,而且初步數(shù)據(jù)看起來不錯(cuò),。
根據(jù)美國癌癥協(xié)會(huì)的乳腺癌統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),,2012年將有209060名美國人被診斷為患有乳腺癌,其中40230人將死于這種疾病,。(生物谷:towersimper編譯)
doi:10.1073/pnas.1018866109
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Antiangiogenic agents increase breast cancer stem cells via the generation of tumor hypoxia
Sarah J. Conley, Elizabeth Gheordunescu, Pramod Kakarala, Bryan Newman, Hasan Korkaya, Amber N. Heath, Shawn G. Clouthier, and Max S. Wicha
Antiangiogenic therapy has been thought to hold significant potential for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of such treatments, especially in breast cancer patients, has been called into question, as recent clinical trials reveal only limited effectiveness of antiangiogenic agents in prolonging patient survival. New research using preclinical models further suggests that antiangiogenic agents actually increase invasive and metastatic properties of breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that by generating intratumoral hypoxia in human breast cancer xenografts, the antiangiogenic agents sunitinib and bevacizumab increase the population of cancer stem cells. In vitro studies revealed that hypoxia-driven stem/progenitor cell enrichment is primarily mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. We further show that the Akt/β-catenin cancer stem cell regulatory pathway is activated in breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions in vitro and in sunitinib-treated mouse xenografts. These studies demonstrate that hypoxia-driven cancer stem cell stimulation limits the effectiveness of antiangiogenic agents, and suggest that to improve patient outcome, these agents might have to be combined with cancer stem cell-targeting drugs.