4月18日,Nature雜志發(fā)表了乳腺癌的一張“新地圖”,,確認(rèn)了10個(gè)不同的疾病亞型,,是基于基因活性進(jìn)行確認(rèn)的,,這張新地圖將會(huì)徹底改變?nèi)橄侔┑脑\斷和治療,。該結(jié)果來(lái)自于全球最大的乳腺癌基因分析課題,。
這項(xiàng)研究意義非凡,著名的乳腺癌專家Martine Piccart教授講到,,目前乳腺癌的分類分型過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單,,使得我們?cè)谶x擇病人的治療上無(wú)法達(dá)到最優(yōu)。我一點(diǎn)都不感到驚訝,,乳腺癌不止4種分型,,而至少有10種亞型,我相信這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)讓我們更好的治療患者,,盡管這可能還需要10年。
英國(guó)和加拿大研究者分析了2000個(gè)腫瘤樣本,,來(lái)自于5~10年前診斷為乳腺癌的婦女,。他們整合了腫瘤樣本拷貝數(shù)、基因表達(dá)和長(zhǎng)期臨床結(jié)局的數(shù)據(jù),。得出結(jié)論,,基于共同的與生存相關(guān)的遺傳特征,這些樣本可以至少分成10種不同的亞型,。
接下來(lái)就是要在臨床試驗(yàn)中加以證實(shí),,最終目的是對(duì)每種腫瘤類型的精確的“基因指紋”進(jìn)行靶向治療。該研究結(jié)果為醫(yī)生診斷乳腺癌類型,,選擇起作用的藥物類型鋪平了道路,,在用藥上將會(huì)更加精準(zhǔn)。這項(xiàng)里程碑式的研究將徹底改變我們?cè)\治乳腺癌的方法,。
目前的病理亞型
目前,,乳腺癌被病理學(xué)家分為4種亞型,主要基于雌激素受體(ER)和HER2,,前者陽(yáng)性表明對(duì)激素治療有反應(yīng),,后者陽(yáng)性表明對(duì)赫賽汀治療有反應(yīng)。
到目前為止,,乳腺癌中最常見(jiàn)(70%)的病理類型是ER+/HER2-,,7.5%是ER+/HER2+,7.5是ER-/HER2+,,另外一種就是所謂的三陰性乳腺癌,,侵襲強(qiáng),不能從靶向治療中獲益,,目前還是使用化療,。
然而,,在歸類到ER+/HER2-的乳腺癌中,還存在巨大的異質(zhì)性,,某些患者比其他患者有更好的預(yù)后,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),10種新確認(rèn)的疾病類型中有7種在這個(gè)類別中,。在預(yù)后上有廣泛的差異,,15年中,最好的結(jié)果是80%生存率,,最差的是40%生存率,,我們從這個(gè)最常見(jiàn)的亞組中發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多的分歧,這是非常重要的,,因?yàn)槲覀円恢痹趯で笤摻M患者中更好的標(biāo)志物,。
研究者還發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)新的基因,例如激酶和磷酸酶,,是新藥開(kāi)發(fā)的非常有吸引力的目標(biāo),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature10983
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PMID:
The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups
Christina Curtis, Sohrab P. Shah, Suet-Feung Chin, Gulisa Turashvili, Oscar M. Rueda, Mark J. Dunning, Doug Speed, Andy G. Lynch, Shamith Samarajiwa, Yinyin Yuan, Stefan Grf, Gavin Ha, Gholamreza Haffari,Ali Bashashati, Roslin Russel Steven McKinney, METABRIC Group, Anita Langerd, Andrew Green, Elena Provenzano,8 Gordon Wishart, Sarah Pinder, Peter Watson, Florian Markowetz,Leigh Murphy
The elucidation of breast cancer subgroups and their molecular drivers requires integrated views of the genome and transcriptome from representative numbers of patients. We present an integrated analysis of copy number and gene expression in a discovery and validation set of 997 and 995 primary breast tumours, respectively, with long-term clinical follow-up. Inherited variants (copy number variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms) and acquired somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) were associated with expression in ~40% of genes, with the landscape dominated by cis- and trans-acting CNAs. By delineating expression outlier genes driven in cis by CNAs, we identified putative cancer genes, including deletions in PPP2R2A, MTAP and MAP2K4. Unsupervised analysis of paired DNA–RNA profiles revealed novel subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes, which reproduced in the validation cohort. These include a high-risk, oestrogen-receptor-positive 11q13/14 cis-acting subgroup and a favourable prognosis subgroup devoid of CNAs. Trans-acting aberration hotspots were found to modulate subgroup-specific gene networks, including a TCR deletion-mediated adaptive immune response in the ‘CNA-devoid’ subgroup and a basal-specific chromosome 5 deletion-associated mitotic network. Our results provide a novel molecular stratification of the breast cancer population, derived from the impact of somatic CNAs on the transcriptome.