政府監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和科學(xué)界應(yīng)共同努力以確保他們對(duì)市民有關(guān)膳食補(bǔ)充劑和癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)給予明確的指導(dǎo)，根據(jù)4月25日在Journal of the National Cancer Institute雜志上發(fā)表的一篇評(píng)論表示,。
從動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)到體外實(shí)驗(yàn)研究以及某些臨床研究已經(jīng)表明服用營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑可能會(huì)降低患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。然而，少數(shù)的隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究卻并未證實(shí)這一點(diǎn),，其實(shí)一些研究表明補(bǔ)充劑反而可能會(huì)增加患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。盡管如此保健品行業(yè)在美國(guó)卻蓬勃發(fā)展,，估計(jì)每年有300億美元的銷售額,。
為了審查膳食補(bǔ)充劑對(duì)癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的潛在作用，加州圣迭戈穆爾斯癌癥中心Maria Elena Martinez博士和他的同事分析了幾個(gè)有關(guān)補(bǔ)充劑的研究包括抗氧化劑,、葉酸,、維生素D和鈣,。其中一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)水果和蔬菜含量高的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)與某些癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低包括呼吸道和化道癌等有關(guān)。
具體來說,，有關(guān)補(bǔ)充抗氧化劑,，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)：對(duì)腫瘤重要的氧化應(yīng)激是不能通過補(bǔ)充抗氧化劑來得到控制的，氧化應(yīng)激可能誘發(fā)癌變,。此外,，研究人員稱：通過補(bǔ)充外源性抗氧化劑很可能是一把雙刃劍，在體內(nèi),，這些化合物可以作為促氧化劑或干擾一系列機(jī)體保護(hù)機(jī)制如誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,。事實(shí)上，研究人員檢查的一些抗氧化劑的有關(guān)試驗(yàn)證實(shí)了補(bǔ)充劑會(huì)增加癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。
研究人員告誡我們服用膳食補(bǔ)充劑預(yù)防癌癥,，許多專家委員會(huì)和組織得出的結(jié)論是營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑預(yù)防癌癥的好處是很少的或者是根本沒有的。他們說要想驗(yàn)證營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑對(duì)癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響需開展更多的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn),。（生物谷：Bioon.com）
doi:10.1093/jnci/djs195
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Dietary Supplements and Cancer Prevention: Balancing Potential Benefits Against Proven Harms
María Elena Martínez, Elizabeth T. Jacobs, John A. Baron, James R. Marshall and Tim Byers
Nutritional supplementation is now a multibillion-dollar industry, and about half of all US adults take supplements. Supplement use is fueled in part by the belief that nutritional supplements can ward off chronic disease, including cancer, although several expert committees and organizations have concluded that there is little to no scientific evidence that supplements reduce cancer risk. To the contrary, there is now evidence that high doses of some supplements increase cancer risk. Despite this evidence, marketing claims by the supplement industry continue to imply anticancer benefits. Insufficient government regulation of the marketing of dietary supplement products may continue to result in unsound advice to consumers. Both the scientific community and government regulators need to provide clear guidance to the public about the use of dietary supplements to lower cancer risk
