有沒有可能通過吸脂術(shù)或者脂肪移除的方法對(duì)治療肥胖有益以及降低癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢,？對(duì)于人類來說,，科學(xué)家并不能回答可以不可以，因?yàn)樗麄冎婪逝挚梢栽黾有呐K病,、糖尿病以及癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。但是科學(xué)家們并沒有進(jìn)行臨床上的研究來證實(shí)是否脂肪組織的外科手術(shù)移除能夠降低人類患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
然而在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中,，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠（高脂肪食物喂食）腹部脂肪的移除可以降低其患紫外線誘導(dǎo)的皮膚癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),；紫外線誘發(fā)的皮膚癌在美國(guó)非常普遍，每年至少有200萬新增病例,。研究者Allan Conney表示,，我們并不知道脂肪移除后會(huì)對(duì)人體帶來什么影響，但是我們希望鼓勵(lì)流行病學(xué)家去研究通過抽脂術(shù)移去脂肪的人群是否有較低的光照誘發(fā)的皮膚癌發(fā)病率,。相關(guān)研究成果刊登在了近日的國(guó)際雜志PNAS上,。
10多年以來，研究者都在研究咖啡因和鍛煉（可以減少脂肪組織）如何去阻擋UV誘發(fā)的皮膚癌,。盡管很多流行病學(xué)家研究了咖啡攝入會(huì)導(dǎo)致低的皮膚癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn),，但是為什么以及咖啡如何保護(hù)機(jī)體免受這種疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的分子機(jī)理，目前我們并不清楚,。
盡管科學(xué)家們知道脂肪組織在腫瘤形成的過程中扮演著重要的角色,，但是高脂肪飲食增加患皮膚癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上的相關(guān)分子機(jī)制研究卻很少。研究者的這項(xiàng)研究建議大家,，小鼠的腹部脂肪可以分泌很多蛋白質(zhì),，這將增加癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。一旦原始的脂肪組織被移去,，新生組織的生化特性對(duì)機(jī)體的害處就會(huì)減小,。
我們都知道，對(duì)于肥胖人群來說,，我們建議低熱量的攝取,、低脂肪飲食以及適當(dāng)?shù)奈锢礤憻挘@樣可以降低癌癥的發(fā)病率,；當(dāng)然了,，我們也可以通過人為地外科手術(shù)移去脂肪組織，也可以降低癌癥的發(fā)病率,。
研究者Conney表示,，我們很想知道，在動(dòng)物中,，是否通過移去脂肪組織可以阻止肥胖相關(guān)的癌癥發(fā)生,，比如胰腺癌、結(jié)腸癌和前列腺癌的發(fā)生,。那么在人類中,，是否移去特定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的脂肪組織可以降低致命性癌癥的發(fā)生呢？目前并不知道，研究者還會(huì)進(jìn)行深入的研究來證明,。（生物谷：T.Shen編譯）
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205810109
PMC:
PMID:
Surgical removal of the parametrial fat pads stimulates apoptosis and inhibits UVB-induced carcinogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet
Yao-Ping Lua,b,1, You-Rong Loua, Jamie J. Bernardc, Qing-Yun Penga, Tao Lia, Yong Linb,d, Weichung Joe Shihb,d, Paul Nghieme, Sue Shapsesf, George C. Wagnerg, and Allan H. Conneya,b,h,1
Removal of the parametrial fat pads (partial lipectomy) from female SKH-1 mice fed a high-fat diet inhibited UVB-induced carcinogenesis, but this was not observed in mice fed a low-fat chow diet. Partial lipectomy in high-fat–fed mice decreased the number of keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas per mouse by 76 and 79%, respectively, compared with sham-operated control mice irradiated with UVB for 33 wk. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that partial lipectomy increased caspase 3 (active form) positive cells by 48% in precancerous epidermis away from tumors, by 68% in keratoacanthomas, and by 224% in squamous cell carcinomas compared with sham-operated control mice. In addition, partial lipectomy decreased cell proliferation away from tumors and in tumors. RT-PCR analysis for adipokines revealed that mRNAs for TIMP1, MCP1, and SerpinE1 (proinflammatory/antiapoptotic cytokines) in the parametrial fat pads of sham-operated control mice were 54- to 83-fold higher than levels in compensatory fat that returned after surgery in partially lipectomized mice at the end of the tumor study. Feeding mice high-fat diets for 2 wk increased levels of TIMP1 and other adipokines in serum and epidermis, and these increases were inhibited by removal of the parametrial fat pads. Our results are a unique demonstration that surgical removal of a specific tissue fat results in inhibition of carcinogenesis in obese mice. This inhibition was associated with an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in proliferation in tumors and in precancerous areas away from tumors.
