在一項新研究中,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一種之前未知的促進癌癥生長和擴散的機制,。這一機制涉及發(fā)揮關鍵作用的免疫細胞和被稱作microRNA的小調節(jié)性分子的新功能,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)指出一種治療癌癥和可能治療免疫系統(tǒng)疾病的新策略,。
來自美國俄亥俄州立大學綜合性癌癥中心和洛杉磯兒童醫(yī)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,腫瘤細胞釋放的小泡(tiny vesicle)經(jīng)健康的免疫細胞攝取后,,導致免疫細胞排出促進腫瘤細胞生長和擴散的化學物質,。
這項研究利用肺癌細胞作為研究對象并證實這些小泡含有發(fā)揮強大調節(jié)作用的分子microRNA,,免疫細胞攝取這些分子之后行為發(fā)生改變。在人體內的這一過程涉及一種基礎性的被稱作Toll樣受體8(Toll-like receptor 8, TLR8)的免疫系統(tǒng)受體,。2012年7月2日,,相關研究成果發(fā)表在PNAS期刊上。
研究通訊作者,、俄亥俄州立大學人類癌癥遺傳學項目主任Carlo Croce博士說,,“這項研究揭示出microRNA的一種新作用:它能夠結合到一種蛋白受體上。這就告訴我們一些與癌癥相關聯(lián)的microRNAs能夠以一種類似激素的方式結合和激活一種受體,,在此之前,,人們從沒有觀察到這種現(xiàn)象。”
microRNAs有助于控制細胞表達的蛋白類型和數(shù)量,,而且通常是通過結合到表達蛋白的mRNA上來實現(xiàn)的,。
研究第一作者Muller Fabbri博士說,“在這項研究中,,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥利用一種完全新的機制來生長和擴散,,因而我們能夠開發(fā)出新藥物來對抗腫瘤。”
Fabbri說,,“同樣令人興奮的是,,我們證實這種機制涉及一種基礎性的免疫系統(tǒng)受體TLR8,這意味著這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對諸如自身免疫疾病和炎癥性疾病之類的其他疾病治療產(chǎn)生影響,。”
這項研究的關鍵性發(fā)現(xiàn)如下所示:
(1)肺腫瘤細胞釋放被稱作胞外體(exosome)的小泡,,這些小泡含有microRNA-21和microRNA-29a,。位于在正常組織與腫瘤組織相毗鄰之處的免疫細胞---巨噬細胞---攝取這些胞外體。
(3)就人巨噬細胞而言,,microRNA-21和microRNA-29a與TLR8相結合,,導致巨噬細胞分泌出腫瘤壞死因子α(tumor-necrosis-factor alpha, TNFα)和白細胞介素6(interleukin-6, IL-6),而這兩種細胞因子促進炎癥產(chǎn)生,。
(3)這兩種細胞因子水平的增加與模式動物肺中腫瘤數(shù)量增加相關聯(lián),,因為這兩種細胞因子水平的下降會導致肺中腫瘤數(shù)量減少,這就意味著它們在腫瘤轉移中也發(fā)揮著作用,。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
本文譯自Study reveals new mechanism that might promote cancer's growth and spread in the body
doi:10.1073/pnas.1209414109
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PMID:
MicroRNAs bind to Toll-like receptors to induce prometastatic inflammatory response
Muller Fabbria,1,2,3, Alessio Paonea,2, Federica Calorea,2, Roberta Gallia, Eugenio Gaudioa, Ramasamy Santhanama, Francesca Lovata, Paolo Faddaa, Charlene Maoa, Gerard J. Nuovob, Nicola Zanesia, Melissa Crawfordc, Gulcin H. Ozera, Dorothee Wernickea, Hansjuerg Aldera, Michael A. Caligiurid, Patrick Nana-Sinkamc, Danilo Perrottia, and Carlo M. Crocea,3
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, 19–24 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression and are expressed aberrantly in most types of cancer. MiRNAs also have been detected in the blood of cancer patients and can serve as circulating biomarkers. It has been shown that secreted miRNAs within exosomes can be transferred from cell to cell and can regulate gene expression in the receiving cells by canonical binding to their target messenger RNAs. Here we show that tumor-secreted miR-21 and miR-29a also can function by another mechanism, by binding as ligands to receptors of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, murine TLR7 and human TLR8, in immune cells, triggering a TLR-mediated prometastatic inflammatory response that ultimately may lead to tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, by acting as paracrine agonists of TLRs, secreted miRNAs are key regulators of the tumor microenvironment. This mechanism of action of miRNAs is implicated in tumor–immune system communication and is important in tumor growth and spread, thus representing a possible target for cancer treatment.