中國科學(xué)院生物物理研究所江濤研究員領(lǐng)銜的科研小組在肉堿膜轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白CaiT三維結(jié)構(gòu)研究方面取得最新的進展,,相關(guān)成果文章Crystal structure of the carnitine transporter and insights into the antiport mechanism刊登在3月28的Nature Structural & Molecular Biology上。
肉堿(carnitine)在生物體內(nèi)廣泛存在,,它在哺乳動物長鏈脂肪酸的β-氧化中發(fā)揮著重要作用,。一些細菌在缺氧環(huán)境下,還可以利用肉堿作為電子受體,,并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為γ-三甲氨基丁內(nèi)鹽(γ-butyrobetaine),。大腸桿菌中的膜轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白CaiT是一個具有12次跨膜螺旋的膜蛋白,它負責(zé)雙向轉(zhuǎn)運肉堿以及肉堿的代謝產(chǎn)物γ-butyrobetaine,。關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)運機制,,過去的研究認為,膜轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白采用一種alternating-access的底物轉(zhuǎn)運機制,,即轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白有inward-facing和outward-facing兩種主要構(gòu)象,,通過在二者間的變換來轉(zhuǎn)運底物。然而,,由于缺乏足夠的蛋白-底物復(fù)合物結(jié)構(gòu)和功能實驗證據(jù),,具體的作用細節(jié)還很不清楚。
圖注:膜轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白CaiT與底物復(fù)合物的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖(1-12表示12段跨膜螺旋)
a 為平行于膜的視角,,b為垂直于膜的視角
經(jīng)過長期努力,,江濤課題組解析了膜轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白CaiT與其底物L(fēng)-肉堿復(fù)合物3.15埃分辨率的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。該晶體結(jié)構(gòu)中,,CaiT以三聚體形式存在,,每個單體表現(xiàn)為介于inward-facing和outward-facing構(gòu)象中間態(tài)的一種構(gòu)象。每個CaiT分子結(jié)合了4個L-肉堿分子,。這4個肉堿分子在CaiT的中心部位沿跨膜方向依次分布,,勾勒出一條底物的轉(zhuǎn)運通道。通過對關(guān)鍵氨基酸殘基進行突變體轉(zhuǎn)運實驗,,研究結(jié)果提示位于CaiT中心位置的主要結(jié)合位點和位于胞內(nèi)通道底部的次要結(jié)合位點在轉(zhuǎn)運過程中起重要作用,。該項研究工作使得人們對于具有雙向運輸功能的膜轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白的作用機制有了更加深入的認識。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology online 28 March 2010 | doi:10.1038/nsmb.1788
Crystal structure of the carnitine transporter and insights into the antiport mechanism
Lin Tang,Lin Bai,Wen-hua Wang& Tao Jiang
CaiT is a membrane antiporter that catalyzes the exchange of l-carnitine with γ-butyrobetaine across the Escherichia coli membrane. To obtain structural insights into the antiport mechanism, we solved the crystal structure of CaiT at a resolution of 3.15 Å. We crystallized CaiT as a homotrimer complex, in which each protomer contained 12 transmembrane helices and 4 l-carnitine molecules outlining the transport pathway across the membrane. Mutagenesis studies revealed a primary binding site at the center of the protein and a secondary substrate-binding site at the bottom of the intracellular vestibule. These results, together with the insights obtained from structural comparison with structurally homologous transporters, provide mechanistic insights into the association between substrate translocation and the conformational changes of CaiT.