近日，美國(guó)《小兒科》（Pediatrics）雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)版刊登澳大利亞一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，孕期維生素D水平低的婦女，其孩子日后發(fā)生語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題的幾率更大,。
這項(xiàng)以白人婦女為對(duì)象的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，懷孕中期血液中維生素D水平最低的婦女，其孩子發(fā)生語(yǔ)言困難問(wèn)題的可能性是那些血液中維生素D水平最高孕婦所生孩子的兩倍,。
新研究調(diào)查了743名白人孕婦,，研究人員在參數(shù)孕婦懷孕18周的時(shí)候，測(cè)量了其血液維生素D水平,。之后,，研究人員對(duì)這些孕婦所生孩子進(jìn)行了有關(guān)情緒、行為,、語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題等方面的跟蹤調(diào)查,。這些孩子的父母分別在孩子2歲、5歲,、8歲,、10歲、14歲和17歲時(shí),，接受有關(guān)孩子行為問(wèn)題的調(diào)查,，研究人員于孩子5歲和10歲時(shí)對(duì)其進(jìn)行了語(yǔ)言技能測(cè)試。
結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),，懷孕中期維生素D水平最低的孕婦所生孩子,，日后出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題的幾率是，懷孕中期維生素D水平最好的孕婦所生孩子的兩倍,。但是研究并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn),，孕期維生素D水平與孩子日后情緒和行為之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)性,。研究人員將其他可能影響因素納入考慮范疇之后，上述結(jié)果依然成立,。這些因素包括：母親妊娠年齡,、是否吸煙、家庭收入等,。
研究人員分析指出,，維生素D在懷孕中期和晚期極重要，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)階段是胎兒涉及語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的大腦發(fā)育關(guān)鍵期,，也是孩子大腦中各種“通道”和結(jié)構(gòu)形成的關(guān)鍵期,，對(duì)孩子日后情感及行為發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。
專家表示,，很多孕婦血液維生素D水平偏低,。為保證母嬰健康，孕婦應(yīng)該適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充維生素D,。補(bǔ)充維生素D主要有兩種方式：一是食補(bǔ),，二是曬太陽(yáng)。富含維生素D的食物包括：三文魚,、牛奶、雞蛋,、動(dòng)物肝臟和奶酪等,。不過(guò)，最主要的來(lái)源還是陽(yáng)光照射皮膚產(chǎn)生的維生素D,，正因?yàn)槿绱?，維生素D又被稱為“陽(yáng)光維生素”。專家告誡,，很多人從食物中攝入的維生素D遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,，而很多女性因?yàn)閻?ài)美或害怕皮膚病等原因而限制曬太陽(yáng)時(shí)間，并大量食用防曬霜,，又會(huì)導(dǎo)致維生素D水平低下,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.017
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PMID:
Maternal Serum Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Offspring Neurocognitive Development
Andrew J. O. Whitehouse, PhD, Barbara J. Holt, BSc, Michael Serralha, BSc(Hons), Patrick G. Holt, DSc, Merci M. H. Kusel, MBBS, and Prue H. Hart, PhD
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between maternal serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations during a critical window of fetal neurodevelopment and behavioral, emotional, and language outcomes of offspring.
METHODS: Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations of 743 Caucasian women in Perth, Western Australia (32°S) were measured at 18 weeks pregnancy and grouped into quartiles. Offspring behavior was measured with the Child Behavior Checklist at 2, 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years of age (n range = 412–652). Receptive language was assessed with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised at ages 5 (n = 534) and 10 (n = 474) years. Raw scores were converted to standardized scores, incorporating cutoffs for clinically significant levels of difficulty.
RESULTS: χ2 analyses revealed no significant associations between maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D serum quartiles and offspring behavioral/emotional problems at any age. In contrast, there were significant linear trends between quartiles of maternal vitamin D levels and language impairment at 5 and 10 years of age. Multivariate regression analyses, incorporating a range of confounding variables, found that the risk of women with vitamin D insufficiency (≤46 nmol/L) during pregnancy having a child with clinically significant language difficulties was increased close to twofold compared with women with vitamin D levels >70 nmol/L.
CONCLUSIONS: Maternal vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is significantly associated with offspring language impairment. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the risk of developmental language difficulties among their children.
