近日,，日本京都大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究指出，嬰兒是通過(guò)觀察別人面部表情變化來(lái)理解人的行為并認(rèn)識(shí)各類(lèi)事物的,。相關(guān)研究報(bào)告發(fā)表在英國(guó)在線(xiàn)科學(xué)雜志《自然·通訊》（Nature Communications）上。
京都大學(xué)副教授明和政子領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)研究小組讓13名出生8個(gè)月和1歲的嬰兒以及6只5歲至15歲的黑猩猩觀看一段錄像，里面演示一名女性把瓶中果汁倒入杯里的過(guò)程,，然后觀察嬰兒和黑猩猩視線(xiàn)的變化。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),，嬰兒不僅會(huì)看果汁和杯子,，還會(huì)用一半的時(shí)間觀看這名女性的面部，而黑猩猩觀察女性面部的時(shí)間不到1%,，幾乎全部集中在瓶子和杯子上,。
明和政子說(shuō)：“嬰兒會(huì)拼命地看別人的面部，希望弄清對(duì)方的心理狀態(tài),。不是光看行為的表面部分,，而是對(duì)照心理狀態(tài)，預(yù)測(cè)下一步的活動(dòng),。”明和教授還說(shuō),，這是一種為適應(yīng)復(fù)雜的社會(huì)環(huán)境而進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的模式，并且這有可能是人和黑猩猩在進(jìn)化道路上分開(kāi)后,，人類(lèi)自身發(fā)展出來(lái)的獨(dú)有能力,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1038/ncomms1695
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Humans and chimpanzees attend differently to goal-directed actions
Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi, Céline Scola & Satoshi Hirata
Humans comprehend the actions of others by making inferences about intentional mental states of another. However, little is known about how this capacity develops and whether this is shared with other animals. Here we show the ontogenetic and evolutionary foundations of this ability by comparing the eye movements of 8- and 12-month-old human infants, adults and chimpanzees as they watched videos presenting goal-directed and non-goal-directed actions by an actor. We find that chimpanzees anticipate action goals in the same way as do human adults. Humans and chimpanzees, however, scan goal-directed actions differently. Humans, particularly infants, refer to actors' faces significantly more than do chimpanzees. In human adults, attentional allocation to an actor's face changes as the goal-directed actions proceed. In the case of non-goal-directed actions, human adults attend less often to faces relative to goal-directed actions. These findings indicate that humans have a predisposition to observe goal-directed actions by integrating information from the actor.
