學(xué)校里不聽話的孩子總是很讓老師頭痛,,但他們的表現(xiàn)或許與本身的睡眠有很大關(guān)系,。加拿大的研究人員10月15日在美國《兒科》(Pediatrics)雜志網(wǎng)站發(fā)表報告稱,,他們以小學(xué)生為對象完成的調(diào)查顯示,,睡眠充足的孩子在學(xué)校里的行為表現(xiàn)更好,,反之他們更容易急躁,、發(fā)脾氣。
為研究睡眠長短與學(xué)校表現(xiàn)之間的關(guān)系,,麥吉爾大學(xué)道格拉斯研究中心科學(xué)家雷烏特·格呂貝等人在家長同意的情況下,,征集了34名7歲到11歲的小學(xué)生參與這項實驗。這些健康兒童沒有睡眠,、行為以及學(xué)業(yè)方面的障礙,,老師也不知道他們參加了試驗。
據(jù)介紹,,在學(xué)期的一周內(nèi),,半數(shù)學(xué)生上床時間有所提前,他們在這一周內(nèi),,平均每天多睡27分鐘,;另一半學(xué)生的睡眠時間則向后推遲,平均每天少睡54分鐘,。
研究人員觀察后發(fā)現(xiàn),,睡眠不足的學(xué)生比其他同班同學(xué)更容易沖動、發(fā)脾氣,,碰到麻煩愛哭泣或沮喪,,而睡眠充足的兒童能更好地控制情緒,做事更機敏,。
格呂貝說,,適當(dāng)延長孩子的睡眠,有助提高孩子健康和日常表現(xiàn),。
未參與研究的美國國家兒童醫(yī)療中心專家朱迪思·歐文斯說,,這項研究有一定意義,因為缺乏睡眠影響記憶,、創(chuàng)造力乃至判斷力,;一個犯困的學(xué)生不可能在教室里集中注意力,他們與老師的關(guān)系,、與同學(xué)打交道的能力,、學(xué)業(yè)都會受影響。
一般而言,,小學(xué)生每天通常需要10小時到11小時睡眠,,但每個孩子的具體情況不同。那么,,如何判斷孩子睡眠是否充足呢,?
歐文斯說:“這個年齡段的孩子白天不應(yīng)該犯困,如果他們在車里或看電視時睡著了,,這就是(孩子睡眠不足的)危險信號,。”另一個方法是關(guān)注他們在假期里的睡眠長度,。如果他們在假期里每天睡眠都比上學(xué)時更長,說明他們平常缺乏睡眠,。
歐文斯說,,睡眠與營養(yǎng)、鍛煉等都是孩子健康的基礎(chǔ),,家長應(yīng)該給予足夠重視,。為了讓孩子養(yǎng)成良好的睡眠習(xí)慣,,家長應(yīng)在他們上床前半小時關(guān)掉電視和電腦等電子設(shè)備,,并且每天都要讓孩子持續(xù)按照作息時間表睡眠;同時,,大人應(yīng)首先為孩子樹立作息規(guī)律的榜樣,,讓他們明白睡眠的重要性。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0564
PMC:
PMID:
Impact of Sleep Extension and Restriction on Children’s Emotional Lability and Impulsivity
Reut Gruber, PhDa,b, Jamie Cassoff, BSca,b, Sonia Frenette, PhDc, Sabrina Wiebe, MSca,b, and Julie Carrier, PhD
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of moderate sleep extension and restriction on child behavior in school. METHODS: We conducted a randomized parallel group study to determine the impact of an experimental sleep extension (addition of 1 hour of sleep relative to baseline habitual sleep duration on weekdays) and experimental sleep restriction (elimination of 1 hour of sleep relative to baseline habitual sleep duration on weekdays) on child behavior in school. The primary outcome measures were scores on the Conners’ Global Index Scale, as determined by teachers blinded to sleep status of the participants. A sample of 34 typically developing children aged 7 to 11 years with no reported sleep problems and no behavioral, medical, or academic issues participated in the study. RESULTS: Our main findings were that (1) a cumulative extension of sleep duration of 27.36 minutes was associated with detectable improvement in Conners’ Global Index–derived emotional lability and restless-impulsive behavior scores of children in school and a significant reduction in reported daytime sleepiness; and (2) a cumulative restriction of sleep of 54.04 minutes was associated with detectable deterioration on such measures. CONCLUSIONS: A modest extension in sleep duration was associated with significant improvement in alertness and emotional regulation, whereas a modest sleep restriction had opposite effects.