從由細(xì)菌、古細(xì)菌和病毒組裝的錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜宏基因組DNA序列中,,研究人員獲得一種神秘的廣古菌的整個(gè)基因組序列,。圖片來自Vaughn Iverson/華盛頓大學(xué)。
宏基因組學(xué)(metagenomics,,譯者注:也常譯作環(huán)境基因組學(xué))就是取樣---一勺泥土或一杯海水---然后對樣品內(nèi)所有DNA進(jìn)行測序,。這種技術(shù)有助于研究人員評估在給定環(huán)境發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物多樣性,但是直到現(xiàn)在它不能有效地對單個(gè)物種進(jìn)行測序,,因?yàn)闆]有辦法對測得的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行解析而區(qū)別開每種物種基因組DNA序列,。
但是2012年2月2日發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》期刊上的一種新計(jì)算方法可能提供答案和允許研究人員從宏基因組數(shù)據(jù)中對單個(gè)物種基因組測序。研究人員將他們的方法應(yīng)用到從普吉灣(Puget Sound)水面獲得的水樣品上,能夠從14種不同生物組成的DNA混合物中解析出兩個(gè)完整的基因組序列,。
美國華盛頓大學(xué)Virginia Armbrust也是該研究論文的共同作者,。她對《自然》期刊說,“我們的方法令人激動(dòng),,因?yàn)樗罱K為整個(gè)微生物群落如何工作打開一扇窗戶,。”這種技術(shù)也將允許研究人員對至今為止還不能在實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)條件下生長的生物進(jìn)行測序。確實(shí),,Armbrust和她的同事們組裝的一個(gè)基因組序列就是來自一種廣古菌(Euryarchaeota)物種的,,這種海洋微生物人們從未能夠在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中培養(yǎng)。
研究小組計(jì)劃今年晚些時(shí)候發(fā)布這個(gè)新的軟件,。(生物谷:towersimper編譯)
doi:10.1126/science.1212665
PMC:
PMID:
Untangling Genomes from Metagenomes: Revealing an Uncultured Class of Marine Euryarchaeota
Vaughn Iverson, Robert M. Morris, Christian D. Frazar, Chris T. Berthiaume, Rhonda L. Morales, E. Virginia Armbrust
Ecosystems are shaped by complex communities of mostly unculturable microbes. Metagenomes provide a fragmented view of such communities, but the ecosystem functions of major groups of organisms remain mysterious. To better characterize members of these communities, we developed methods to reconstruct genomes directly from mate-paired short-read metagenomes. We closed a genome representing the as-yet uncultured marine group II Euryarchaeota, assembled de novo from 1.7% of a metagenome sequenced from surface seawater. The genome describes a motile, photo-heterotrophic cell focused on degradation of protein and lipids and clarifies the origin of proteorhodopsin. It also demonstrates that high-coverage mate-paired sequence can overcome assembly difficulties caused by interstrain variation in complex microbial communities, enabling inference of ecosystem functions for uncultured members.