(封面圖片:藝術(shù)化的雙色記波器圖片表現(xiàn)出了片足當(dāng)中肌動(dòng)蛋白纖維枝重組的時(shí)間次序。)
冠蛋白(coronin)是一種高度保守的肌動(dòng)蛋白結(jié)合蛋白,,它們位于活動(dòng)細(xì)胞(motile cell)的前緣區(qū),。在2008年9月5日出版的《細(xì)胞》(Cell)上,,來自美國的Cai等科學(xué)家首次揭示了冠蛋白1B發(fā)揮功能的機(jī)制,,他們的研究結(jié)果以封面文章的形式發(fā)表在本期刊物上,。
在活動(dòng)細(xì)胞的表面存在著一種扁形的突起狀結(jié)構(gòu),,被稱為片足(lamellipodia),這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形態(tài)上寬而扁,,不同于微絨毛,,它們與顆粒物質(zhì)的吞噬有關(guān)。在片足中由肌動(dòng)蛋白相關(guān)蛋白-Arp2/3復(fù)合體產(chǎn)生的枝狀肌動(dòng)蛋白網(wǎng)絡(luò)與多種細(xì)胞過程有關(guān),,其中包括突出物的形成,、方向感知以及細(xì)胞的遷移等。盡管科學(xué)家對(duì)于該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的產(chǎn)生過程已經(jīng)非常清楚,,然而對(duì)于調(diào)節(jié)肌動(dòng)蛋白網(wǎng)絡(luò)分解的內(nèi)在機(jī)制還了解得很少,。
在文章中,作者表示,,冠蛋白1B通過誘導(dǎo)Arp2/3的分裂來分解包含有Arp2/3的肌動(dòng)蛋白微絲枝,。而以上過程與皮層蛋白(cortactin)作用相反,微絲結(jié)合蛋白皮層蛋白也是一種微絲的重要調(diào)控分子,,它能起到穩(wěn)定微絲的作用,,通過激活A(yù)rp2/3復(fù)合物從而促進(jìn)微絲在細(xì)胞前緣區(qū)的迅速組裝,達(dá)到作用于細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的,。
正是由于存在這樣的生物化學(xué)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過程,在研究中科學(xué)家觀察到,,當(dāng)兩種蛋白都同樣損耗時(shí),,能部分恢復(fù)由于其中某一種蛋白單獨(dú)損耗而造成的片足動(dòng)力學(xué)缺陷。冠蛋白1B以一種與Arp2/3復(fù)合體互斥的方式作用于肌動(dòng)蛋白枝,,并且改變其角度,。
因此作者認(rèn)為,隨著枝狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成熟,,冠蛋白1B將替代肌動(dòng)蛋白微絲枝當(dāng)中的Arp2/3復(fù)合體,,并且通過改變幾何形態(tài)來重塑肌動(dòng)蛋白枝。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cell,,Vol 134, 828-842, 05 September 2008,,Liang Cai, James E. Bear
Coronin 1B Antagonizes Cortactin and Remodels Arp2/3-Containing Actin Branches in Lamellipodia
Liang Cai,1,4 Alexander M. Makhov,2 Dorothy A. Schafer,3 and James E. Bear1
1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
2 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
3 University of Virginia, Departments of Biology and Cell Biology, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4113, USA
The dendritic actin network generated by the Arp2/3 complex in lamellipodia underlies formation of protrusions, directional sensing, and migration. While the generation of this network is well studied, the mechanisms regulating network disassembly are poorly understood. We report that Coronin 1B disassembles Arp2/3-containing actin filament branches by inducing Arp2/3 dissociation. This activity is antagonized by Cortactin, a filament branch stabilizer. Consistent with this biochemical competition, depletion of both proteins partially rescues defects in lamellipodial dynamics observed upon depletion of either protein alone. Coronin 1B targets actin branches in a manner that is mutually exclusive with the Arp2/3 complex and alters the branch angle. We conclude that Coronin 1B replaces the Arp2/3 complex at actin filament branches as the dendritic network matures and drives the turnover of branched actin networks.