(封面圖片:三個核小體的鑲嵌圖像,這些圖像利用酵母群落小點(diǎn)的彩色圖像合成而來,,酵母群落用于分析大量組蛋白變異的分子磁條,。整個圖像由9350單幅圖像合成。封面設(shè)計:Bang Wong,,Clearscience,,Janet Iwasa)
核小體(nucleosome)是真核生物染色質(zhì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)單位,染色質(zhì)纖維的基本結(jié)構(gòu)由其串聯(lián)而成,。核小體又被稱為核體,、核粒等,它包含200個左右堿基對的DNA和五種組蛋白(histone),,其中四種組蛋白兩兩組成八聚體的圓盤結(jié)構(gòu),,從而構(gòu)成核小體的核心結(jié)構(gòu),核小體的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性影響著DNA代謝以及轉(zhuǎn)錄的調(diào)節(jié)過程,。
在2008年9月19日出版的《細(xì)胞》(Cell)上,,來自美國約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)(Johns Hopkins University)的Dai等科學(xué)家以封面文章的形式發(fā)表了他們的最新研究結(jié)果。利用一種綜合方法,,科學(xué)家建立了啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)組蛋白H3和H4的一個文庫,,文庫中組蛋白H3和H4的代換、刪除變異能探明各自組蛋白殘基對核小體功能的作用,。通過研究,,科學(xué)家們探明了不同殘基各自對染色體完整性、轉(zhuǎn)錄的貢獻(xiàn),,并且得到了核小體表面化學(xué)敏感性以及轉(zhuǎn)錄沉默條件的全面模式,。
每個組蛋白變異都有一個獨(dú)一無二的分子磁條(molecular barcode),這使得通過分子磁條放大、標(biāo)記和TAG微陣列雜交就能很容易的實現(xiàn)組蛋白變異的辨認(rèn),。分子磁條被用于記錄多種表型例如競爭適度,、DNA修復(fù)熟度、以及基因相互作用等等,。
以上的研究結(jié)果揭示出不同的組蛋白殘基的新功能,,以及這些核小體組分及其修飾子之間的新型相互作用。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Cell,,Vol 134, 1066-1078, 19 September 2008,,Junbiao Dai, Jef D. Boeke
Probing Nucleosome Function: A Highly Versatile Library of Synthetic Histone H3 and H4 Mutants
Junbiao Dai,1,3 Edel M. Hyland,1,3 Daniel S. Yuan,1 Hailiang Huang,1,2 Joel S. Bader,1,2 and Jef D. Boeke1,
1 High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Nucleosome structural integrity underlies the regulation of DNA metabolism and transcription. Using a synthetic approach, a versatile library of 486 systematic histone H3 and H4 substitution and deletion mutants that probes the contribution of each residue to nucleosome function was generated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We probed fitness contributions of each residue to perturbations of chromosome integrity and transcription, mapping global patterns of chemical sensitivities and requirements for transcriptional silencing onto the nucleosome surface. Each histone mutant was tagged with unique molecular barcodes, facilitating identification of histone mutant pools through barcode amplification, labeling, and TAG microarray hybridization. Barcodes were used to score complex phenotypes such as competitive fitness in a chemostat, DNA repair proficiency, and synthetic genetic interactions, revealing new functions for distinct histone residues and new interdependencies among nucleosome components and their modifiers.