據(jù)國外媒體報道,,日本的一個基因研究小組日前稱,,他們進行的最新的DNA比較研究表明人類和猿類之間這所以存在著如此巨大的差異是因為人類與猿類的基因都一點微小的差異,,而這一點點差異就起到了決定性的作用。
負責(zé)這項研究工作的是來自日本橫濱RIKEN基因科學(xué)研究中心的科學(xué)家們,,他們把研究的成果發(fā)表在了《自然》雜志上,。文章稱,雖然從基因的比較結(jié)果來看,,人類和猿類的基因有98.5都是相同的,,但就是那剩下的1.5%決定了人類和猿類的本質(zhì)不同。
參與了這項研究工作的科學(xué)家阿薩奧·福吉亞瑪(音)稱,,“顯而易見,,人類與猿類之間的差異雖然很小,但是其所導(dǎo)致的后果卻遠非我們所能夠想像,。”目前這項研究工作還在進一步深入,,科學(xué)家們希望能夠通過DNA的比對發(fā)現(xiàn)人類和猿存在差異的根本原因。
此外,,科學(xué)家們還有另一個重要的研究目標,,那就是找出人類和猿類共同祖先的基因密碼。按照現(xiàn)代進化理論,,人類和猿類的共同祖先大約生活在600到700萬年前,。如果這一目標得以實現(xiàn)的話,,那么對于證實地球的生物進化史和人類的形成都具有非常重要的意義,。
部分英文原文:
DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22
Watanabe, H.; Fujiyama, A.; Hattori, M.; Taylor, T. D.; Toyoda, A.; Kuroki, Y.; Noguchi, H.; BenKahla, A.; Lehrach, H.; Sudbrak, R.; Kube, M.; Taenzer, S.; Galgoczy, P.; Platzer, M.; Scharfe, M.; Nordsiek, G.; Blöcker, H.; Hellmann, I.; Khaitovich, P.; Pääbo, S.; Reinhardt, R.; Zheng, H.-J.; Zhang, X.-L.; Zhu, G.-F.; Wang, B.-F.; Fu, G.; Ren, S.-X.; Zhao, G.-P.; Chen, Z.; Lee, Y.-S.; Cheong, J.-E.; Choi, S.-H.; Wu, K.-M.; Liu, T.-T.; Hsiao, K.-J.; Tsai, S.-F.; Kim, C.-G.; OOta, S.; Kitano, T.; Kohara, Y.; Saitou, N.; Park, H.-S.; Wang, S.-Y.; Yaspo, M.-L.; Sakaki, Y.;
Abstract
Human-chimpanzee comparative genome research is essential for narrowing down genetic changes involved in the acquisition of unique human features, such as highly developed cognitive functions, bipedalism or the use of complex language. Here, we report the high-quality DNA sequence of 33.3 megabases of chimpanzee chromosome 22. By comparing the whole sequence with the human counterpart, chromosome 21, we found that 1.44% of the chromosome consists of single-base substitutions in addition to nearly 68,000 insertions or deletions. These differences are sufficient to generate changes in most of the proteins. Indeed, 83% of the 231 coding sequences, including functionally important genes, show differences at the amino acid sequence level. Furthermore, we demonstrate different expansion of particular subfamilies of retrotransposons between the lineages, suggesting different impacts of retrotranspositions on human and chimpanzee evolution. The genomic changes after speciation and their biological consequences seem more complex than originally hypothesized.
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