近日，國(guó)際著名雜志《科學(xué)》Science在線刊登了國(guó)外研究人員的最新研究成果“A Fine-Scale Chimpanzee Genetic Map from Population Sequencing,，”,，文章中，研究者精細(xì)測(cè)繪了黑猩猩的基因組,。
一個(gè)黑猩猩的精細(xì)比例的基因圖譜揭示了猿類經(jīng)歷與人類相比類似比率的基因重組,，盡管在黑猩猩的基因組中牽涉到不同的區(qū)域。 這一重組,，或者說(shuō)是基因洗牌,，對(duì)保持多樣性及將有利的突變結(jié)合到某個(gè)生物體的遺傳密碼之中都是重要的。 因此,，Adam Auton及其同事對(duì)10只西非黑猩猩的基因組進(jìn)行了測(cè)序以發(fā)現(xiàn)基因重組的熱點(diǎn),，這些熱點(diǎn)看來(lái)是保存于所有猿類的基因組中。
他們所得到的基因圖譜顯示,，盡管人與黑猩猩之間的基因重組率是類似的,，但在這兩個(gè)物種間,，那些與重組事件有關(guān)的特殊位置及遺傳基序則明顯不同,。 研究人員還觀察到,，被稱作PDRM9的蛋白——它在人類基因組中可作為基因重組的證據(jù)——在黑猩猩的基因組中則不會(huì)同樣地標(biāo)示基因重組的熱點(diǎn)。 到目前為止,，這類精細(xì)比例的遺傳圖譜還只可從那些諸如小鼠和酵母菌等關(guān)系遙遠(yuǎn)的模式物種中獲得,。 但是，這一新的研究顯示,，類似的圖譜也可以從更為復(fù)雜的,、非模式的生物體中產(chǎn)生。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1126/science.1216872
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A Fine-Scale Chimpanzee Genetic Map from Population Sequencing
Adam Auton1,2,*, Adi Fledel-Alon3,*, Susanne Pfeifer4,*, Oliver Venn1,*, Laure Ségurel3,5, Teresa Street4, Ellen M. Leffler3, Rory Bowden1,4,6, Ivy Aneas3, John Broxholme1, Peter Humburg1, Zamin Iqbal1, Gerton Lunter1, Julian Maller1,4, Ryan D. Hernandez7, Cord Melton3, Aarti Venkat3,5, Marcelo A. Nobrega3, Ronald Bontrop8, Simon Myers1,4, Peter Donnelly1,4,†, Molly Przeworski3,5,9,†, Gil McVean1,4,†‡
To study the evolution of recombination rates in apes, we developed methodology to construct a fine-scale genetic map from high throughput sequence data from 10 Western Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus. Compared to the human genetic map, broad-scale recombination rates tend to be conserved, but with exceptions, particularly in regions of chromosomal rearrangements and around the site of ancestral fusion in human chromosome 2. At fine-scales, chimpanzee recombination is dominated by hotspots, which show no overlap with humans even though rates are similarly elevated around CpG islands and decreased within genes. The hotspot-specifying protein PRDM9 shows extensive variation among Western Chimpanzees, and there is little evidence that any sequence motifs are enriched in hotspots. The contrasting locations of hotspots provide a natural experiment, which demonstrates the impact of recombination on base composition.
