“云杉基因組項(xiàng)目”聯(lián)合課題組在本期Nature上發(fā)表了第一種裸子植物的基因組草稿，即一種挪威云杉(Picea abies)的基因組草稿,。該基因組來(lái)自最初于1959年在瑞典中部的東J?mtland獲得的一棵樹,，大小為20千兆堿基對(duì),，比模型植物“擬南芥”的基因組大100倍，但二者所含基因數(shù)量差不多,。這個(gè)基因組之所以大,，是由于可轉(zhuǎn)位元素的積累。對(duì)另外五個(gè)裸子植物基因組所做的比較測(cè)序表明,，可轉(zhuǎn)位元素多樣性也見于現(xiàn)存針葉樹,。該基因組的序列數(shù)據(jù)可以在ConGenIE網(wǎng)站(http://congenie.org/)上公開獲取。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦英文摘要：
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12211
The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution
Bjorn Nystedt, Nathaniel R. Street, Anna Wetterbom, Andrea Zuccolo, Yao-Cheng Lin, Douglas G. Scofield, Francesco Vezzi, Nicolas Delhomme, Stefania Giacomello, Andrey Alexeyenko, Riccardo Vicedomini, Kristoffer Sahlin, Ellen Sherwood, Malin Elfstrand, Lydia Gramzow, Kristina Holmberg, Jimmie Hallman, Olivier Keech, Lisa Klasson, Maxim Koriabine, Melis Kucukoglu, Max Kaller, Johannes Luthman, Fredrik Lysholm, Totte Niittyla et al.
Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Taxus baccata and Gnetum gnemon reveals that the transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. Expression of 24-nucleotide small RNAs, previously implicated in transposable element silencing, is tissue-specific and much lower than in other plants. We further identify numerous long (>10,000 base pairs) introns, gene-like fragments, uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs and short RNAs. This opens up new genomic avenues for conifer forestry and breeding.
