科技日?qǐng)?bào)倫敦9月22日電(記者劉海英)英國(guó)倫敦國(guó)王大學(xué)最新發(fā)布新聞公告稱(chēng),,該校研究人員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種可抑制艾滋病病毒(HIV)擴(kuò)散的新基因MX2,。研究人員稱(chēng),這一基因作用的發(fā)現(xiàn)將為開(kāi)發(fā)更有效,、更小毒性的艾滋病治療方法開(kāi)辟道路。相關(guān)研究成果發(fā)表在最新一期《自然》雜志上,。
新聞公告稱(chēng),,這是研究人員第一次確認(rèn)MX2在抑制艾滋病病毒方面的作用,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)該基因的作用進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn),。研究小組將艾滋病病毒引入兩個(gè)不同的細(xì)胞系以觀察MX2的效果,。在其中一個(gè)細(xì)胞系中,,MX2表達(dá)完好,而另一個(gè)細(xì)胞系中,,MX2處于沉默狀態(tài),。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),在MX2處于沉默狀態(tài)時(shí),,艾滋病病毒會(huì)進(jìn)行復(fù)制和擴(kuò)散,,而在MX2充分表達(dá)時(shí),艾滋病病毒無(wú)法進(jìn)行復(fù)制,,也不會(huì)有新的病毒產(chǎn)生,。
“這是一個(gè)令人興奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)。”英國(guó)倫敦國(guó)王大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該項(xiàng)研究的麥克·馬利姆教授說(shuō),,“這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)使我們對(duì)艾滋病病毒與人體免疫系統(tǒng)之間的反應(yīng)方式有了進(jìn)一步了解,,讓我們有機(jī)會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)出新的治療方法。雖然直到今天,,我們對(duì)MX2還知之甚少,,但我們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這一基因在對(duì)抗病毒方面的潛在能力,它將會(huì)是艾滋病病毒生命周期中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),。”
雖然依靠現(xiàn)今的治療手段,,艾滋病病毒攜帶者可以存活更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,但藥物對(duì)身體的毒副作用和長(zhǎng)期使用藥物所產(chǎn)生的耐藥性問(wèn)題都是不小的麻煩,。“找到一種新的方法來(lái)調(diào)動(dòng)人體的自然防護(hù)機(jī)制變得十分重要,,而MX2將可能成為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵角色。”馬利姆指出,,“科學(xué)家可以開(kāi)發(fā)具有MX2類(lèi)似作用的分子,,也可以開(kāi)發(fā)能夠激活MX2的藥物,這兩個(gè)途徑都具有可行性,。”
圈點(diǎn)
作為人類(lèi)“死敵”之一,,人們對(duì)艾滋病的恐懼和忌諱程度,似乎更甚于心腦血管疾病和惡性腫瘤,。很重要的一個(gè)原因,,是它嚴(yán)重的傳染性。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),,研究人員一直在它身上傾注著大量精力,。如今,多年付出好像到了開(kāi)花結(jié)果之時(shí),,與“抗艾”相關(guān)的研究結(jié)果不斷出現(xiàn),。本文提到的新基因MX2就十分亮眼,說(shuō)不定它就會(huì)成為人類(lèi)打贏“抗艾之戰(zhàn)”的關(guān)鍵,。此外,,我們還應(yīng)注意到開(kāi)發(fā)新藥來(lái)刺激身體對(duì)病毒的天然抑制能力這種方法,,因?yàn)樗粫?huì)產(chǎn)生耐藥性問(wèn)題。這樣的思路在治療其他疾病中也應(yīng)大派用場(chǎng),。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12542
Human MX2 is an interferon-induced post-entry inhibitor of HIV-1 infection
Caroline Goujon, Olivier Moncorgé, Hélène Bauby, Tomas Doyle, Christopher C. Ward, Torsten Schaller, Stéphane Hué, Wendy S. Barclay, Reiner Schulz & Michael H. Malim
Animal cells harbour multiple innate effector mechanisms that inhibit virus replication. For the pathogenic retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), these include widely expressed restriction factors1, such as APOBEC3 proteins2, TRIM5-α3, BST2 (refs 4, 5) and SAMHD1 (refs 6, 7), as well as additional factors that are stimulated by type 1 interferon (IFN)8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. Here we use both ectopic expression and gene-silencing experiments to define the human dynamin-like, IFN-induced myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2, also known as MXB) protein as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection and as a key effector of IFN-α-mediated resistance to HIV-1 infection. MX2 suppresses infection by all HIV-1 strains tested, has equivalent or reduced effects on divergent simian immunodeficiency viruses, and does not inhibit other retroviruses such as murine leukaemia virus. The Capsid region of the viral Gag protein dictates susceptibility to MX2, and the block to infection occurs at a late post-entry step, with both the nuclear accumulation and chromosomal integration of nascent viral complementary DNA suppressed. Finally, human MX1 (also known as MXA), a closely related protein that has long been recognized as a broadly acting inhibitor of RNA and DNA viruses, including the orthomyxovirus influenza A virus15, 16, does not affect HIV-1, whereas MX2 is ineffective against influenza virus. MX2 is therefore a cell-autonomous, anti-HIV-1 resistance factor whose purposeful mobilization may represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.