生物谷報(bào)道:科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一段植物DNA可以作為一種通用的“條碼”用于鑒別開(kāi)花植物,,從而幫助生物多樣性的研究,。
他們還希望它能夠用于追蹤瀕危植物物種,并檢查它們是否被非法運(yùn)輸,。
由英國(guó)的倫敦帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院和皇家植物園的Vincent Savolainen領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這個(gè)研究組在2月4日出版的《美國(guó)科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》上發(fā)表了他們的研究成果。
盡管DNA條碼技術(shù)——用一段特殊的DNA區(qū)域區(qū)分不同的物種——已經(jīng)用于動(dòng)物,,此前尚未在開(kāi)花植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一種單一而通用的DNA片斷,。
科學(xué)家討論了(可能用于生命條碼的)各種DNA片斷,。Savolainen及其同事在超過(guò)1600種植物樣本中測(cè)試了8種這樣的片斷,這些植物主要來(lái)自哥斯達(dá)黎加的蘭花和南非克魯格國(guó)家公園的一些其它植物——選擇這些地點(diǎn)是由于它們具有非凡的生物多樣性,。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)稱為matK的基因的特殊部分很容易使用,,而且擁有一個(gè)合適的“條碼差異”——各個(gè)物種之間的差距足夠大,而在一個(gè)物種內(nèi)的相似程度也足夠大,,可以用于物種鑒別,。
Savolainen在一份新聞稿中說(shuō):“未來(lái)我們想看到,這種讀取植物遺傳條碼的設(shè)想會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為一種便攜式設(shè)備,,可以帶到任何環(huán)境中,,迅速而容易地分析任何植物樣本的matK基因,并把它和一個(gè)龐大的信息庫(kù)進(jìn)行比較,,實(shí)現(xiàn)幾乎即時(shí)的鑒別,。”
巴拿馬的史密森熱帶研究所的高級(jí)科學(xué)家EldredgeBermingham熱切盼望著科學(xué)界采用一種植物的條碼。
“植物在DNA條碼方面落后于動(dòng)物,,這僅僅是由于沒(méi)能達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn),。如果[科學(xué)界]決定采用matK基因,它將促進(jìn)植物學(xué)領(lǐng)域,,并幫助它趕上來(lái),。”
Bermingham告訴本網(wǎng)站說(shuō),這特別將造福對(duì)用DNA序列鑒定他們的自然遺產(chǎn)感興趣的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,。
Bermingham說(shuō)由于DNA測(cè)序技術(shù)已經(jīng)變得如此普及,,即便后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)matK是錯(cuò)誤的條碼,也可以很容易地應(yīng)用新的“條碼”,??茖W(xué)家已經(jīng)建立起了植物及其DNA的樣本庫(kù)。
但是他指出,,在這項(xiàng)研究中,,matK僅僅被用于鑒別“相對(duì)不同”的植物。“我們需要知道當(dāng)把matK用于廣泛的熱帶生物多樣性的時(shí)候,,它是否能勝任使命——我認(rèn)為目前這仍然是一個(gè)尚待解決的問(wèn)題,。”(中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)信息)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Published online on February 7, 2008
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0709936105
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
ECOLOGY
DNA barcoding the floras of biodiversity hotspots
Renaud Lahaye*, Michelle van der Bank*, Diego Bogarin, Jorge Warner, Franco Pupulin, Guillaume Gigot, Olivier Maurin*, Sylvie Duthoit*, Timothy G. Barraclough, and Vincent Savolainen,,¶
*Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 1031-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; and Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
Edited by Daniel H. Janzen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, and approved December 17, 2007 (received for review October 18, 2007)
Abstract
DNA barcoding is a technique in which species identification is performed by using DNA sequences from a small fragment of the genome, with the aim of contributing to a wide range of ecological and conservation studies in which traditional taxonomic identification is not practical. DNA barcoding is well established in animals, but there is not yet any universally accepted barcode for plants. Here, we undertook intensive field collections in two biodiversity hotspots (Mesoamerica and southern Africa). Using >1,600 samples, we compared eight potential barcodes. Going beyond previous plant studies, we assessed to what extent a "DNA barcoding gap" is present between intra- and interspecific variations, using multiple accessions per species. Given its adequate rate of variation, easy amplification, and alignment, we identified a portion of the plastid matK gene as a universal DNA barcode for flowering plants. Critically, we further demonstrate the applicability of DNA barcoding for biodiversity inventories. In addition, analyzing >1,000 species of Mesoamerican orchids, DNA barcoding with matK alone reveals cryptic species and proves useful in identifying species listed in Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES) appendixes.
CITES | Kruger National Park | Mesoamerica