生物谷報(bào)道：今年4月中科院武漢植物園研究人員同美國(guó)研究人員合作在美國(guó)《生物科學(xué)》（BioScience）雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章指出,，高速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)使物種入侵在中國(guó)進(jìn)一步加劇,。
作為生物多樣性熱區(qū)之一，中國(guó)正面臨超過(guò)400多種入侵物種的威脅,。據(jù)估計(jì),，在中國(guó)每年由外來(lái)昆蟲和植物造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失達(dá)145億美元。
入侵物種通過(guò)有意或無(wú)意的人類活動(dòng)而被引入到一個(gè)非本源地區(qū)域,，會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞,。來(lái)自中國(guó)和美國(guó)的研究小組指出，中國(guó)外來(lái)動(dòng)物入侵物種的數(shù)量從1990年到2003年增加了30%,，達(dá)到76種,，而植物入侵物種在1995年至2003年翻了三倍,。
生物入侵已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)世界性難題。在中國(guó),，由于檢疫和檢查機(jī)制尚不完善，加上國(guó)家工業(yè)和交通等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展,，使得一些有害物種快速擴(kuò)散,。比如，巨大的三峽大壩就有可能給物種入侵帶來(lái)機(jī)會(huì),。在大壩的排水域,，已發(fā)現(xiàn)的入侵物種達(dá)55種，其中包括水葫蘆,。水葫蘆最初作為一種便宜的動(dòng)物飼料被引進(jìn),，現(xiàn)在由于大面積擴(kuò)散可能堵塞大壩水管，給水力發(fā)電帶來(lái)威脅,。
文章主要作者,、中科院武漢植物園的丁建清指出，高速發(fā)展的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò),，比如青藏鐵路的建設(shè),，會(huì)幫助入侵物種深入到偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。同樣,，2008年的北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)也會(huì)幫助物種入侵,。2002年至2004年，北京為建設(shè)綠色奧運(yùn),，引進(jìn)大量不同品種的外國(guó)物種,。這些物種盡管其本身不帶有侵略性，但它們有可能成為外來(lái)病蟲害進(jìn)入中國(guó)的媒介,。
“與中國(guó)面臨的物種入侵的嚴(yán)重性相比,，政府和人們的重視程度還很有限。”丁建清同時(shí)還指出：“我們需要有嚴(yán)格的法律法規(guī)來(lái)限制和控制入侵物種,，而更迫切的是要提高人們對(duì)生物入侵危害性的認(rèn)識(shí),。”（來(lái)源：科學(xué)與發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò) Chen Weixiao）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
BioScience March 27, 2008
China’s Economic Boom Sparks Biological Invasions
The rapid growth of China’s industrial and transportation infrastructure is helping to establish nonnative species throughout that country and “setting the stage for potentially rampant environmental damage,” according to an article in the April 2008 issue of BioScience. The article, by a Chinese-US team, describes how more than 400 alien plants and animals are now considered invasive in China, including some that are causing serious harm even though they were first documented in the country only a few years ago.
The authors of the article are Jianqing Ding and Mingxun Ren of the Wuhan Institute of Botany, Richard N. Mack of Washington State University, Hongwen Huang of the South China Institute of Botany, and Ping Lu of the Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China. Many factors are contributing to the developing problems, including an increase in the number of ports of entry, the number of travelers, and the amount of imported goods. An expanding network of express highways and more domestic air travel also make it easier for organisms to “hitchhike” into and around the country.
Many invasive plants were brought to China as ornamental or fodder species. Canada goldenrod was brought in as an ornamental and was distributed via the domestic nursery and garden industries; it has now invaded more than 20 provinces. Insects have spread even faster: the American vegetable leaf miner, first detected in China in 1993, now occurs throughout the country.
Ecosystem disturbance around major construction projects such as the Three Gorges Dam has stimulated biological invasions of damaging plants such as broadleaf fleabane as well as alligator weed and water hyacinth, both of which were once cultivated for animal fodder with official encouragement. The recently completed Quinghai-Tibet railway is also thought likely to accelerate the spread of invasives.
Even the preparations for the 2008 Beijing “Green Olympics” pose a threat: nonnative grass seed and other plants continue to be imported as part of an effort to beautify the urban landscape. These plants could serve as carriers for insect pests.
One preliminary estimate puts China's annual economic losses from invasive insects and plants at $14.5 billion. The article includes a call for “enhanced research, public education, and governmental attention” to the problem of invasive species in China.
