生物谷報道:5月16日的《科學》雜志刊載一篇文章寫到,,一種特殊類型的濱鳥利用水的物理屬性將水珠轉(zhuǎn)送到其口中,并食取其中的細小生物,。這種在瓣蹼鷸濱鳥中新觀察到的攝食機制是依賴于水的表面張力以及鳥嘴的快速開合以使這種“逆勢而上”的食物輸送成為可能。Manu Prakash及其同事觀察到,瓣蹼鷸在啄水以集結(jié)小水珠及無脊椎動物于其喙上后,由于該類鳥的喙形之故,,它們無法將食物吮吸到其口中。相反,,瓣蹼鷸以快速張合其喙的“鑷子鉗拔”的動作,,籍由表面張力使得水能夠逆著地心引力而上行到它們的口中。
這些研究人員接著制造了機械喙來精確地再現(xiàn)濱鳥的鑷子鉗拔動作,,并用高速攝影機來跟蹤水珠沿著這些機械喙的移動軌跡,。研究人員觀察到,,那些懸浮在濱鳥上下喙之間的水在鳥喙閉合的時候會朝著上下喙連接處移動,,而濱鳥可以通過調(diào)整其喙部的幾何形狀和鑷子鉗拔動作中的精細之處來使這一轉(zhuǎn)運過程達到最佳化。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一轉(zhuǎn)運機制對鳥喙特質(zhì)的極大的依賴性,,這使得它極容易受到污染物的影響,。一則由Mark W. Denny所撰寫的Perspective提出了許多我們可以利用表面張力知識的實際應用,,比如,減少通過管道的某些液體的阻力,、生產(chǎn)自動清潔及防露水的窗戶以及制造出在某一方向是光滑的但在另一方向卻是粘性的表面,。(生物谷www.bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science,Vol. 320. no. 5878, pp. 931 - 934,,Manu Prakash,,John W. M. Bush
Surface Tension Transport of Prey by Feeding Shorebirds: The Capillary Ratchet
Manu Prakash,1 David Quéré,2 John W. M. Bush3
The variability of bird beak morphology reflects diverse foraging strategies. One such feeding mechanism in shorebirds involves surface tension–induced transport of prey in millimetric droplets: By repeatedly opening and closing its beak in a tweezering motion, the bird moves the drop from the tip of its beak to its mouth in a stepwise ratcheting fashion. We have analyzed the subtle physical mechanism responsible for drop transport and demonstrated experimentally that the beak geometry and the dynamics of tweezering may be tuned to optimize transport efficiency. We also highlight the critical dependence of the capillary ratchet on the beak's wetting properties, thus making clear the vulnerability of capillary feeders to surface pollutants.
1 Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 20 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
2 Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, UMR 7636 du CNRS, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
3 Department of Mathematics, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.