生物谷報(bào)道：科學(xué)家在22日《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表論文稱(chēng)腸道微生物群落與它們的宿主是共同進(jìn)化的,，并且受到宿主食物的強(qiáng)烈影響,。
研究人員對(duì)范圍廣泛的哺乳動(dòng)物的糞便進(jìn)行了取樣，這些哺乳動(dòng)物包括從大鼠到熊貓到人類(lèi),。通過(guò)對(duì)每一樣本中所分離出的微生物的某些基因序列的分析,，研究人員對(duì)存在于每種動(dòng)物腸道中的屬于不同門(mén)類(lèi)的細(xì)菌和其它微生物進(jìn)行了梳理分析。在同一種系的哺乳動(dòng)物中,，其腸道微生物群落相互之間沒(méi)有多大的差別,，這與它們是生活在野外或是在動(dòng)物園中沒(méi)有關(guān)系，就人類(lèi)而言,，其腸道微生物群落與那個(gè)人是吃肉或是素食者也沒(méi)有關(guān)系,。但是，不同種系動(dòng)物的腸道微生物群落確實(shí)存在差別,。一般來(lái)說(shuō),，那些食肉動(dòng)物的腸道微生物的差異最小，而食草動(dòng)物之間的腸道微生物的差異則最大,。研究人員報(bào)告說(shuō),，人類(lèi)腸道微菌群中存在的多樣性在雜食性靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)中是相當(dāng)?shù)湫偷?。這些結(jié)果表明，腸道微菌群的進(jìn)化是哺乳類(lèi)動(dòng)物在適應(yīng)以植物為基礎(chǔ)食物的成功進(jìn)化過(guò)程中的一個(gè)重要部分,。（生物谷www.bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science,，DOI: 10.1126/science.1155725，Ruth E. Ley,，Jeffrey I. Gordon
Evolution of Mammals and Their Gut Microbes
Ruth E. Ley 1, Micah Hamady 2, Catherine Lozupone 3, Peter J. Turnbaugh 1, Rob Roy Ramey 4, J. Stephen Bircher 5, Michael L. Schlegel 6, Tammy A. Tucker 6, Mark D. Schrenzel 6, Rob Knight 7, Jeffrey I. Gordon 1*
1 Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
2 Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
3 Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
4 Wildlife Science International Inc., Nederland, CO 80466, USA.
5 St. Louis Zoological Park, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
6 Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92112, USA.
7 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Jeffrey I. Gordon , E-mail: [email protected]
Mammals are metagenomic in that they are composed not only of their own gene complements but also those of all of their associated microbes. To understand the co-evolution of the mammals and their indigenous microbial communities, we conducted a network-based analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of humans and 59 other mammalian species living in two zoos and the wild. The results indicate that host diet and phylogeny both influence bacterial diversity, which increases from carnivory to omnivory to herbivory, that bacterial communities co-diversified with their hosts, and that the gut microbiota of humans living a modern lifestyle is typical of omnivorous primates.
