生物谷報道：科學家在22日《科學》雜志上發(fā)表論文稱腸道微生物群落與它們的宿主是共同進化的,，并且受到宿主食物的強烈影響。
研究人員對范圍廣泛的哺乳動物的糞便進行了取樣,，這些哺乳動物包括從大鼠到熊貓到人類。通過對每一樣本中所分離出的微生物的某些基因序列的分析,，研究人員對存在于每種動物腸道中的屬于不同門類的細菌和其它微生物進行了梳理分析。在同一種系的哺乳動物中,，其腸道微生物群落相互之間沒有多大的差別,，這與它們是生活在野外或是在動物園中沒有關系，就人類而言,，其腸道微生物群落與那個人是吃肉或是素食者也沒有關系,。但是，不同種系動物的腸道微生物群落確實存在差別,。一般來說,，那些食肉動物的腸道微生物的差異最小，而食草動物之間的腸道微生物的差異則最大,。研究人員報告說,，人類腸道微菌群中存在的多樣性在雜食性靈長類中是相當?shù)湫偷摹＿@些結果表明,，腸道微菌群的進化是哺乳類動物在適應以植物為基礎食物的成功進化過程中的一個重要部分,。（生物谷www.bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science，DOI: 10.1126/science.1155725,，Ruth E. Ley,，Jeffrey I. Gordon
Evolution of Mammals and Their Gut Microbes
Ruth E. Ley 1, Micah Hamady 2, Catherine Lozupone 3, Peter J. Turnbaugh 1, Rob Roy Ramey 4, J. Stephen Bircher 5, Michael L. Schlegel 6, Tammy A. Tucker 6, Mark D. Schrenzel 6, Rob Knight 7, Jeffrey I. Gordon 1*
1 Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
2 Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
3 Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
4 Wildlife Science International Inc., Nederland, CO 80466, USA.
5 St. Louis Zoological Park, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
6 Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92112, USA.
7 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Jeffrey I. Gordon , E-mail: [email protected]
Mammals are metagenomic in that they are composed not only of their own gene complements but also those of all of their associated microbes. To understand the co-evolution of the mammals and their indigenous microbial communities, we conducted a network-based analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of humans and 59 other mammalian species living in two zoos and the wild. The results indicate that host diet and phylogeny both influence bacterial diversity, which increases from carnivory to omnivory to herbivory, that bacterial communities co-diversified with their hosts, and that the gut microbiota of humans living a modern lifestyle is typical of omnivorous primates.
