據(jù)11月20日的《科學(xué)》（Science）雜志報(bào)道說(shuō),，諸如涂鴉等社會(huì)失序的存在會(huì)使人違反社會(huì)規(guī)范的意愿增加,。Kees Keizer及其同事在荷蘭的Groningen進(jìn)行了6個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在測(cè)試當(dāng)人們?cè)诳吹狡渌嗣镆暽鐣?huì)規(guī)范的情形時(shí)，他們是否也會(huì)更加容易蔑視社會(huì)規(guī)范,。
在他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中,，研究人員觀察到，如果有其他人違反張貼標(biāo)牌指示,，另外的人也更容易違反張貼標(biāo)牌的指示,；在涂鴉或有煙火的聲音存在時(shí)，人們會(huì)亂丟垃圾,；在有涂鴉的情況下,，人們甚至?xí)懈`。他們報(bào)告說(shuō),，僅僅只是涂鴉的存在就會(huì)使亂丟廢棄物及偷竊的人數(shù)增加一倍以上,。研究人員提示，某種違反規(guī)范的行為變得較為常見(jiàn)時(shí),，它也會(huì)對(duì)其它社會(huì)規(guī)范和法規(guī)的遵從產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的影響,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)政策制定者及警察尤其重要，因?yàn)樗?ldquo;破窗理論”更具說(shuō)服力，而該理論是許多大城市犯罪防范措施的基礎(chǔ),。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science,，DOI: 10.1126/science.1161405，Kees Keizer,，Linda Steg
The Spreading of Disorder
Kees Keizer 1*, Siegwart Lindenberg 1, Linda Steg 1
1 Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
Imagine that the neighborhood you are living in is covered with graffiti, litter, and unreturned shopping carts. Would this reality cause you to litter more, trespass or even steal? A thesis known as the Broken Windows Theory suggests that signs of disorderly and petty criminal behavior trigger more disorderly and petty criminal behavior, thus causing the behavior to spread. This may cause neighborhoods to decay and the quality of life of its inhabitants to deteriorate. For a city government this may be a vital policy issue. But does disorder really spread in neighborhoods? So far there has not been strong empirical support, and it is not clear what constitutes "disorder" and what may make it spread. In this article, we generate hypotheses about the spread of disorder and test them in six field experiments. We found that when people observe that others violated a certain social norm or legitimate rule, they are more likely to violate even other norms or rules, which causes disorder to spread.
