據(jù)11月20日的《科學(xué)》（Science）雜志報道說,，諸如涂鴉等社會失序的存在會使人違反社會規(guī)范的意愿增加,。Kees Keizer及其同事在荷蘭的Groningen進行了6個實驗,，這些實驗旨在測試當(dāng)人們在看到其他人蔑視社會規(guī)范的情形時,，他們是否也會更加容易蔑視社會規(guī)范,。
在他們的實驗過程中,，研究人員觀察到,，如果有其他人違反張貼標(biāo)牌指示,，另外的人也更容易違反張貼標(biāo)牌的指示；在涂鴉或有煙火的聲音存在時,，人們會亂丟垃圾,；在有涂鴉的情況下，人們甚至?xí)懈`,。他們報告說,，僅僅只是涂鴉的存在就會使亂丟廢棄物及偷竊的人數(shù)增加一倍以上。研究人員提示,，某種違反規(guī)范的行為變得較為常見時,，它也會對其它社會規(guī)范和法規(guī)的遵從產(chǎn)生負面的影響。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對政策制定者及警察尤其重要,，因為它使“破窗理論”更具說服力,，而該理論是許多大城市犯罪防范措施的基礎(chǔ)。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science,，DOI: 10.1126/science.1161405,，Kees Keizer，Linda Steg
The Spreading of Disorder
Kees Keizer 1*, Siegwart Lindenberg 1, Linda Steg 1
1 Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
Imagine that the neighborhood you are living in is covered with graffiti, litter, and unreturned shopping carts. Would this reality cause you to litter more, trespass or even steal? A thesis known as the Broken Windows Theory suggests that signs of disorderly and petty criminal behavior trigger more disorderly and petty criminal behavior, thus causing the behavior to spread. This may cause neighborhoods to decay and the quality of life of its inhabitants to deteriorate. For a city government this may be a vital policy issue. But does disorder really spread in neighborhoods? So far there has not been strong empirical support, and it is not clear what constitutes "disorder" and what may make it spread. In this article, we generate hypotheses about the spread of disorder and test them in six field experiments. We found that when people observe that others violated a certain social norm or legitimate rule, they are more likely to violate even other norms or rules, which causes disorder to spread.
