有一句至理名言大意是說沒有人是絕對孤獨的，然而很顯然,，有些細菌卻真能做到這一點,。
據(jù)美國《科學》雜志在線新聞報道，科學家從南非深達2800千米的Mponeng金礦中挖掘出5000多公升液體,，這些液體中只生活著一種生物—— 一種名為Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator的細菌（如圖）,。這種孤獨的生物完全自給自足，這是因為它具有一套能夠養(yǎng)活自己的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),，可以完成全部的功能,，包括處理碳和氮。然而這種細菌卻很難在地面上生存——它完全是在無氧的環(huán)境中進化的,，因此地面的空氣會讓它們喪命,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science 10 October 2008:DOI: 10.1126/science.1155495
Environmental Genomics Reveals a Single-Species Ecosystem Deep Within Earth
Dylan Chivian,1,2* Eoin L. Brodie,2,3 Eric J. Alm,2,4 David E. Culley,5 Paramvir S. Dehal,1,2 Todd Z. DeSantis,2,3 Thomas M. Gihring,6 Alla Lapidus,7 Li-Hung Lin,8 Stephen R. Lowry,7 Duane P. Moser,9 Paul M. Richardson,7 Gordon Southam,10 Greg Wanger,10 Lisa M. Pratt,11,12 Gary L. Andersen,2,3 Terry C. Hazen,2,3,12 Fred J. Brockman,13 Adam P. Arkin,1,2,14 Tullis C. Onstott12,15
DNA from low-biodiversity fracture water collected at 2.8-kilometer depth in a South African gold mine was sequenced and assembled into a single, complete genome. This bacterium, Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator, composes >99.9% of the microorganisms inhabiting the fluid phase of this particular fracture. Its genome indicates a motile, sporulating, sulfate-reducing, chemoautotrophic thermophile that can fix its own nitrogen and carbon by using machinery shared with archaea. Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator is capable of an independent life-style well suited to long-term isolation from the photosphere deep within Earth's crust and offers an example of a natural ecosystem that appears to have its biological component entirely encoded within a single genome.
1 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
2 Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
3 Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
4 Departments of Biological and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
5 Energy and Efficiency Technology Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
6 Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
7 Genomic Technology Program, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94598, USA.
8 Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
9 Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA.
10 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
11 Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
12 Indiana Princeton Tennessee Astrobiology Initiative (IPTAI), NASA Astrobiology Institute, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
13 Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
14 Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
15 Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
