澳大利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)三個(gè)新恐龍物種化石,,從上到下依次是食肉恐龍Australovenator,,食草恐龍Matilda和食草恐龍Clancy,。
據(jù)國(guó)外媒體報(bào)道,科學(xué)家通過(guò)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的恐龍化石首次證實(shí),,澳大利亞也曾生活過(guò)一種迅猛,、可怕的大型食肉恐龍??茖W(xué)家根據(jù)施瓦辛格電影將其命名為“Australovenator”,,古生物學(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外兩種草食恐龍新物種。
此次發(fā)現(xiàn)是迄今為止在澳大利亞所發(fā)現(xiàn)的最完整的食肉恐龍化石,,也是澳大利亞時(shí)隔28年之后再次發(fā)現(xiàn)恐龍化石,,科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)使澳大利亞回到“全球恐龍地圖”之中。
科學(xué)家是在澳大利亞昆士蘭“溫頓巖土層”中發(fā)現(xiàn)這三種新恐龍物種化石的,,恐龍生活的年代可以追溯到大約一億年前的白堊紀(jì)中期,。 在過(guò)去的三年里,古生物學(xué)家陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)了Australovenator食肉恐龍的四肢骨骼化石,、肋骨化石,、上下顎化石和牙齒化石。一同發(fā)現(xiàn)的還有兩外兩種大型草食恐龍化石,。根據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石,,古生物學(xué)家對(duì)這種大型食肉恐龍有了大概的了解。“Australovenator”恐龍高2米,,身長(zhǎng)5米,,善于奔跑。它的每個(gè)掌上有三個(gè)巨型長(zhǎng)爪,,樣子兇猛,。據(jù)澳大利亞昆士蘭博物館的古生物學(xué)家司各特稱,它要比電影《侏羅紀(jì)公園》中的迅掠龍更加可怕,。其他兩種恐龍分別被命名為“Clancy”和“Matilda”,,二者都是食草恐龍。
三個(gè)新恐龍物種化石的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得“人們對(duì)澳大利亞的史前生命有了新的理解”,而澳大利亞第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)大型恐龍則要回溯到1981年,,當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種大型食草恐龍木拖布拉龍(Muttaburrasaurus),。隨著三種新恐龍物種化石的發(fā)現(xiàn),古生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為澳大利亞將會(huì)成為研究古脊椎動(dòng)物的新前沿,。此外因?yàn)榘拇罄麃啺l(fā)現(xiàn)的恐龍化石數(shù)量很少,,古生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為澳大利亞可能蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的恐龍時(shí)代化石資源。澳洲大陸長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)地質(zhì)狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定,,地表下深處的恐龍化石并沒(méi)有被抬升到地表下較淺處,,因而在澳大利亞恐龍化石非常罕見(jiàn)。而在其他大陸,,因?yàn)閯×业牡貧ぐ鍓K運(yùn)動(dòng),,深埋于地表下的恐龍化石被抬升,因此較容易被發(fā)現(xiàn),。
這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石將成為澳大利亞恐龍自然歷史博物館中的重要組成部分,。如今,該博物館正在建設(shè)中,,計(jì)劃到2015年建成澳大利亞恐龍化石收藏最多的博物館,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
PLoS ONE 4(7): e6190. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006190
New Mid-Cretaceous (Latest Albian) Dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia
Scott A. Hocknull1*, Matt A. White2, Travis R. Tischler2, Alex G. Cook1, Naomi D. Calleja2, Trish Sloan2, David A. Elliott2
1 Geosciences, Queensland Museum, Hendra, Queensland, Australia, 2 Australian Age of Dinosaurs Museum of Natural History, The Jump-up, Winton, Queensland, Australia
Background
Australia's dinosaurian fossil record is exceptionally poor compared to that of other similar-sized continents. Most taxa are known from fragmentary isolated remains with uncertain taxonomic and phylogenetic placement. A better understanding of the Australian dinosaurian record is crucial to understanding the global palaeobiogeography of dinosaurian groups, including groups previously considered to have had Gondwanan origins, such as the titanosaurs and carcharodontosaurids.
Methodology/Principal Findings
We describe three new dinosaurs from the late Early Cretaceous (latest Albian) Winton Formation of eastern Australia, including; Wintonotitan wattsi gen. et sp. nov., a basal titanosauriform; Diamantinasaurus matildae gen. et sp. nov., a derived lithostrotian titanosaur; and Australovenator wintonensis gen. et sp. nov., an allosauroid. We compare an isolated astragalus from the Early Cretaceous of southern Australia; formerly identified as Allosaurus sp., and conclude that it most-likely represents Australovenator sp.
Conclusion/Significance
The occurrence of Australovenator from the Aptian to latest Albian confirms the presence in Australia of allosauroids basal to the Carcharodontosauridae. These new taxa, along with the fragmentary remains of other taxa, indicate a diverse Early Cretaceous sauropod and theropod fauna in Australia, including plesiomorphic forms (e.g. Wintonotitan and Australovenator) and more derived forms (e.g. Diamantinasaurus).