來源: Shigeru Kuratani and Hiroshi Nagashima
據(jù)7月10日的《科學(xué)》雜志報(bào)道說,,一項(xiàng)日本的新的研究顯示了龜殼可能是如何演化的:這種動(dòng)物的肋骨融合成一體并將肩胛骨包圍在內(nèi),。鑒于在大多數(shù)的其它種類的脊椎動(dòng)物中,,肩胛骨的部位是在肋骨之外這一事實(shí),,烏龜?shù)倪@種演進(jìn)過程是非同尋常的,。 龜類的體型構(gòu)造與其它的脊椎動(dòng)物是如此根本地不同,,這使得研究人員長期以來一直殫精竭慮地思索龜類究竟是如何從其軟體動(dòng)物的祖先進(jìn)化至今的,。
在比較雞,、小鼠及中華鱉的胚胎的基礎(chǔ)上,Hiroshi Nagashima及其同僚現(xiàn)在為我們描述了龜類進(jìn)化的過渡階段可能是怎樣的情景,。 研究結(jié)果提示,,在開始的時(shí)候,這三種動(dòng)物的胚胎具有共同的發(fā)育模式,,這可能是它們最后的共同祖先所具有的模式,。 然而,隨著龜類胚胎的演化,,其體壁本身的一部分開始向內(nèi)折疊,,保留了其發(fā)育中的骨骼與肌肉之間的某些聯(lián)系,但同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了在其它爬行類,、鳥類或哺乳類動(dòng)物中所沒有的新的聯(lián)系,。 作為這種折疊的結(jié)果,龜類背部的外殼(即背甲)開始從肋骨發(fā)育,,而肩胛骨則從其不同尋常的位置出現(xiàn),。
在一則相關(guān)的Perspective中,Olivier Rieppel解釋道,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)不支持先前的理念,,即背甲的進(jìn)化是通過皮膚內(nèi)小型骨板的融合而成的理念,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science 10 July 2009:DOI: 10.1126/science.1173826
Evolution of the Turtle Body Plan by the Folding and Creation of New Muscle Connections
Hiroshi Nagashima,1 Fumiaki Sugahara,1,2 Masaki Takechi,1 Rolf Ericsson,1,* Yoshie Kawashima-Ohya,1,Yuichi Narita,1, Shigeru Kuratani1,
The turtle shell offers a fascinating case study of vertebrate evolution, based on the modification of a common body plan. The carapace is formed from ribs, which encapsulate the scapula; this stands in contrast to the typical amniote body plan and serves as a key to understanding turtle evolution. Comparative analyses of musculoskeletal development between the Chinese soft-shelled turtle and other amniotes revealed that initial turtle development conforms to the amniote pattern; however, during embryogenesis, lateral rib growth results in a shift of elements. In addition, some limb muscles establish new turtle-specific attachments associated with carapace formation. We propose that the evolutionary origin of the turtle body plan results from heterotopy based on folding and novel connectivities.
1 Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
2 Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.