美國艾默里大學(xué)病理系、醫(yī)學(xué)系,,康奈爾大學(xué)微生物系,,霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的科學(xué)家在Science在線版上發(fā)表最新研究進(jìn)展文章,解析腸道微生物對人體代謝的影響,。
如果你認(rèn)為你的健康完全掌握在你的遺傳背景中,,那么你out了,人體的健康不僅與自身的基因組有關(guān),,還與人出生后腸道內(nèi)定居的永久居民:微生物有關(guān),。據(jù)科學(xué)家們研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腸道微生物可能影響人類的健康,,如,,胖瘦、糖尿病,、胃病,、甚至癌癥,。
一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),我們腸道的微生物以及調(diào)控這些微生物的我們免疫系統(tǒng)的分支可能與代謝綜合癥(這是一組與肥胖癥有關(guān)的代謝問題,,他們會增加一個人罹患糖尿病和心臟病的風(fēng)險)有部分的關(guān)系,。
這一研究是建立在最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的腸道微生物的組成與肥胖癥有關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)之上的。這項由Matam Vijay-Kumar及其同僚所開展的新的研究工作提示,,先天免疫系統(tǒng)(即保護(hù)身體不受微生物病原體的侵害)可能是腸道微生物系與代謝作用之間的橋梁,。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),缺乏先天性免疫系統(tǒng)中的某種重要成分(一種叫做TLR5的蛋白質(zhì))的小鼠會產(chǎn)生代謝綜合癥的標(biāo)志性特征,,如伴有腸道微生物系變化的脂肪積聚的增加及胰島素抵抗,。這些突變的小鼠還會比它們的對應(yīng)正常小鼠進(jìn)食更多的食物。將突變小鼠的腸道內(nèi)微生物轉(zhuǎn)移到無菌小鼠(即那些除了腸道缺乏微生物之外,,其它方面都正常的小鼠)的腸道之中會使接受這些微生物的小鼠出現(xiàn)代謝綜合癥的幾種特征,,從而提示,腸道微生物系的變化可能是代謝綜合癥的一個原因而不是其后果,。
文章的作者還對取自突變小鼠腸道微生物的遺傳物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了測序,并用該資訊找到了一組特別種類的細(xì)菌,,其數(shù)量已經(jīng)多得失去了平衡,。研究人員提出,先天免疫系統(tǒng)的缺陷可能會引起誘發(fā)輕度炎癥信號通路的腸道微生物系的變化,,而這又會轉(zhuǎn)而影響胰島素受體的信號通路,,使得食欲和食物攝取增加,這些最終會促使其它方面的代謝綜合癥的發(fā)生,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
相關(guān)研究:
Nature:人腸道微生物菌落基因目錄
Science:腸道微生物與宿主共同進(jìn)化
PLoS biology:人類腸道細(xì)菌超1000萬億
PNAS:腸道細(xì)菌控制你的體重
Nature:友好細(xì)菌影響腸道響應(yīng)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science March 4, 2010 DOI: 10.1126/science.1179721
Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5
Matam Vijay-Kumar,1 Jesse D. Aitken,1 Frederic A. Carvalho,1 Tyler C. Cullender,2 Simon Mwangi,3 Shanthi Srinivasan,3 Shanthi V. Sitaraman,3 Rob Knight,4 Ruth E. Ley,2 Andrew T. Gewirtz1,*
Metabolic syndrome is a group of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities that increase an individual’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we show that mice genetically deficient in Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a component of the innate immune system that is expressed in the gut mucosa and that helps defend against infection, exhibit hyperphagia and develop hallmark features of metabolic syndrome, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and increased adiposity. These metabolic changes correlated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and, importantly, transfer of the gut microbiota from TLR5-deficient mice to wild-type germ-free mice conferred many features of metabolic syndrome to the recipients. Food restriction prevented obesity, but not insulin resistance, in the TLR5-deficient mice. These results support the emerging view that the gut microbiota contributes to metabolic disease and suggest that malfunction of the innate immune system may promote the development of metabolic syndrome.
1 Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
2 Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
3 Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
4 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.