隨著最新DNA測序技術(shù)的問世,，現(xiàn)在有可能對整個一個基因組進行篩選,，以尋找與腫瘤進展相關(guān)的基因變化,。
這種方法已被用來獲取來自一位44歲非洲裔美國人乳腺癌患者（其所患為Basal-型乳腺癌）的四個DNA樣本的完整序列,， 這四個DNA樣本分別是：原發(fā)性腫瘤,、周圍血液、一個腦轉(zhuǎn)移樣本和一個來自原發(fā)性腫瘤的“first-passage”異種移植,。
突變分析表明,，轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤特定選擇來自原發(fā)性腫瘤的、含有業(yè)已存在突變的一個亞類的細胞,，并且還會形成少量新突變,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Nature doi:10.1038/nature08989
Genome remodelling in a basal-like breast cancer metastasis and xenograft
Li Ding1,2,10, Matthew J. Ellis3,4,10, Shunqiang Li3, David E. Larson1, Ken Chen1, John W. Wallis1,2, Christopher C. Harris1, Michael D. McLellan1, Robert S. Fulton1,2, Lucinda L. Fulton1,2, Rachel M. Abbott1, Jeremy Hoog3, David J. Dooling1,2, Daniel C. Koboldt1, Heather Schmidt1, Joelle Kalicki1, Qunyuan Zhang2,5, Lei Chen1, Ling Lin1, Michael C. Wendl1,2, Joshua F. McMichael1, Vincent J. Magrini1,2, Lisa Cook1, Sean D. McGrath1, Tammi L. Vickery1, Elizabeth Appelbaum1, Katherine DeSchryver3, Sherri Davies3, Therese Guintoli3, Li Lin3, Robert Crowder3, Yu Tao6, Jacqueline E. Snider3, Scott M. Smith1, Adam F. Dukes1, Gabriel E. Sanderson1, Craig S. Pohl1, Kim D. Delehaunty1, Catrina C. Fronick1, Kimberley A. Pape1, Jerry S. Reed1, Jody S. Robinson1, Jennifer S. Hodges1, William Schierding1, Nathan D. Dees1, Dong Shen1, Devin P. Locke1, Madeline E. Wiechert1, James M. Eldred1, Josh B. Peck1, Benjamin J. Oberkfell1, Justin T. Lolofie1, Feiyu Du1, Amy E. Hawkins1, Michelle D. O’Laughlin1, Kelly E. Bernard1, Mark Cunningham1, Glendoria Elliott1, Mark D. Mason1, Dominic M. Thompson Jr7, Jennifer L. Ivanovich7, Paul J. Goodfellow7, Charles M. Perou8, George M. Weinstock1,2, Rebecca Aft7, Mark Watson9, Timothy J. Ley1,2,3,4, Richard K. Wilson1,2,4 & Elaine R. Mardis1,2,4
1. The Genome Center at Washington University,
2. Department of Genetics,
3. Department of Medicine,
4. Siteman Cancer Center,
5. Division of Statistical Genomics,
6. Division of Biostatistics,
7. Department of Surgery and the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Program,
8. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
9. Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
10. These authors contributed equally to this work.
Massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies provide an unprecedented ability to screen entire genomes for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here we describe the genomic analyses of four DNA samples from an African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The metastasis contained two de novo mutations and a large deletion not present in the primary tumour, and was significantly enriched for 20 shared mutations. The xenograft retained all primary tumour mutations and displayed a mutation enrichment pattern that resembled the metastasis. Two overlapping large deletions, encompassing CTNNA1, were present in all three tumour samples. The differential mutation frequencies and structural variation patterns in metastasis and xenograft compared with the primary tumour indicate that secondary tumours may arise from a minority of cells within the primary tumour.
