林業(yè)在社會經(jīng)濟中占有重要地位,，森林采伐和植樹造林是林業(yè)部門最常見的管理方式,，但這種管理方式造成森林生境外貌和結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,，影響了森林內(nèi)動物的行為,，從而改變了生物多樣性,，受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注,。如何評價這種管理方式的合理性，尤其是對森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響,，成為當前森林生物多樣性研究的焦點之一,。昆蟲對于生境變化高度敏感，若干類群,，尤其是甲蟲,，已經(jīng)可以作為監(jiān)測生境和生物多樣性變化的指示種，從而可以客觀地評價林業(yè)活動會生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響,。
中國科學院動物研究所周紅章研究組選擇位于北京東靈山的天然闊葉林（遼東櫟林）和針葉種植林（油松林）交錯帶為研究地點,，以地表甲蟲為研究對象，通過比較天然闊葉林內(nèi)部,、交錯帶（針闊混交林）以及種植林間地表甲蟲組成和分布,，分析影響地表甲蟲分布的環(huán)境因子，探討由天然林砍伐后進行種植林更新建立的群落交錯帶對該地區(qū)地表甲蟲物種多樣性的影響,。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),，(1) 天然闊葉林和交錯帶比種植林內(nèi)容納更多的物種，山坡中部也比底部和頂部擁有更多物種,；(2) 生境類型和坡位對地表甲蟲物種種數(shù)和個體數(shù)量均有顯著影響,，并存在交互影響；(3) 多元統(tǒng)計分析表明,，與種植林相比,，交錯帶內(nèi)物種組成和分布與天然闊葉林更加相似，某些環(huán)境因子,，如闊葉樹種的比例,、林冠層蓋度以及海拔高度（坡位）能夠顯著影響到物種分布。綜上所述,，天然闊葉林的砍伐以及種植林恢復能夠在局域尺度下引起地表甲蟲物種組成和分布發(fā)生微妙變化,，這種變化在評估林業(yè)活動的合理性以及進行多樣性保護時必須加以考慮,。
該研究得到了中國科學院知識創(chuàng)新工程重要方向性項目（KSCX2-YW-Z-0910）、國家科技部973項目（973 Program-2007CB411605）,、國家科技支撐計劃（2008BAC39B02）、國家自然科學基金委面上項目（30700074）以及中國科學院動物進化與系統(tǒng)重點實驗室項目的資助,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Journal of Insect Conservation DOI: 10.1007/s10841-010-9290-6
Distribution of ground-dwelling beetle assemblages (Coleoptera) across ecotones between natural oak forests and mature pine plantations in North China
Xiao-Dong Yu, Tian-Hong Luo and Hong-Zhang Zhou
Abstract
This paper studied edge effects resulting from logging to reforestation on the distribution of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) across ecotones between natural oak forests and mature pine plantations established after harvesting of natural forests. Using pitfall traps, ground-dwelling beetles were investigated at three replicated plots (ecotones) with three sampling positions of slope (lower, middle and upper) for each plot. Rarefaction estimates of species richness indicated that traps on natural forests and transition zones had more species than mature plantations did, and traps on the middle slope had more species than on the lower and upper slopes did. Results of an ANOVA analysis, which used forest type and slope position as factors and number of species and individuals as the response variables, showed a significant effect of forest type and slope position, and a significant interaction between forest type and slope position. Multivariate analyses (DCA and CCA) showed that beetles of transition zones were more similar to those of natural forests than to those of mature plantations, and that some environmental characteristics, i.e., proportion of broad-leaved trees, canopy cover and elevation (slope position), significantly affected species abundances. We conclude that the logging of natural oak forests and the reforestation of pine plantations can result in subtle variation in the composition and distribution of beetle assemblages at a local scale and such variation should be taken into account when conservation issues are involved.
Keywords Ground-dwelling beetle - Edge effect - Spatial heterogeneity - Forest practice
