科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn),，入侵物種造成的最壞的后果出現(xiàn)在鼓勵(lì)了引入這些物種的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之后的許多年,，這提示生物入侵可能在將來(lái)變得越來(lái)越難以控制。Stefan Dullinger及其同事審視了28個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家在1900年到2000年之間的外來(lái)物種數(shù)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng),。這組作者發(fā)現(xiàn),，目前在一個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的入侵物種的數(shù)量更多地反映了該國(guó)在1900年而非2000年的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示,，一種物種的引入與它野外落戶常常相隔了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,。此外，這組作者發(fā)現(xiàn),，大多數(shù)的物種引入發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)的后半葉,，當(dāng)時(shí)大多數(shù)歐洲國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),。這組科研人員說(shuō),，這些結(jié)果提示未來(lái)的入侵物種問(wèn)題的種子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)種下了，他們預(yù)測(cè)入侵物種的數(shù)量將在未來(lái)幾十年中將會(huì)增加,，造成了一種所謂的“入侵債”,。這組作者建議，控制入侵物種的措施應(yīng)該擴(kuò)展到整個(gè)歐洲聯(lián)盟,，把重點(diǎn)不僅僅放在目前每個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的最有害的物種上,，也要放在開(kāi)發(fā)早期預(yù)警和快速應(yīng)對(duì)系統(tǒng)上，從而管理在未來(lái)有可能帶來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的威脅的物種,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1011728108
Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt
Franz Essla,b,1, Stefan Dullingerc,d,1,2, Wolfgang Rabitscha, Philip E. Hulmeb, Karl Hülberc,d, Vojtěch Jaro?íke,f, Ingrid Kleinbauerc, Fridolin Krausmanng, Ingolf Kühnh, Wolfgang Nentwigi, Montserrat Vilàj, Piero Genovesik, Francesca Gherardil, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustaum, Alain Roquesn, and Petr Py?eke,f
Abstract
Globalization and economic growth are widely recognized as important drivers of biological invasions. Consequently, there is an increasing need for governments to address the role of international trade in their strategies to prevent species introductions. However, many of the most problematic alien species are not recent arrivals but were introduced several decades ago. Hence, current patterns of alien-species richness may better reflect historical rather than contemporary human activities, a phenomenon which might be called “invasion debt.” Here, we show that across 10 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, terrestrial insects, and aquatic invertebrates) in 28 European countries, current numbers of alien species established in the wild are indeed more closely related to indicators of socioeconomic activity from the year 1900 than to those from 2000, although the majority of species introductions occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The strength of the historical signal varies among taxonomic groups, with those possessing good capabilities for dispersal (birds, insects) more strongly associated with recent socioeconomic drivers. Nevertheless, our results suggest a considerable historical legacy for the majority of the taxa analyzed. The consequences of the current high levels of socioeconomic activity on the extent of biological invasions will thus probably not be completely realized until several decades into the future.
