狗或許是人類最好的朋友,，但是當(dāng)提到競賽，我們卻與馬有更多的共同點(diǎn),。
通過測量馬匹在兩場馬球比賽和56場賽馬中的位置和速度,，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與人類一樣,，馬匹在進(jìn)入一個(gè)彎道時(shí)也會減速,。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，所有動物都需要產(chǎn)生一個(gè)與其前進(jìn)運(yùn)動成直角的作用力,。否則它們便會向外滑倒,。狗會將這種力轉(zhuǎn)移到它們的前腿，留下自由的后腿繼續(xù)為它們的前進(jìn)運(yùn)動提供動力,。但是與人類一樣,，馬無法將它們的重量從全部4條腿上卸掉；通過讓馬蹄在地面上停留更長的時(shí)間,，馬匹用附加的力進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)償,。研究小組在日前的英國《皇家學(xué)會學(xué)報(bào)B》網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上報(bào)告說，這一過程產(chǎn)生了摩擦力,，并減緩了動物的速度,。如果一匹馬想要跑得更快，那么它必須要抄近道,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Proc. R. Soc. B. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2395
Grip and limb force limits to turning performance in competition horses
Huiling Tan and Alan M. Wilson
Abstract
Manoeuverability is a key requirement for successful terrestrial locomotion, especially on variable terrain, and is a deciding factor in predator–prey interaction. Compared with straight-line running, bend running requires additional leg force to generate centripetal acceleration. In humans, this results in a reduction in maximum speed during bend running and a published model assuming maximum limb force as a constraint accurately predicts how much a sprinter must slow down on a bend given his maximum straight-line speed. In contrast, greyhounds do not slow down or change stride parameters during bend running, which suggests that their limbs can apply the additional force for this manoeuvre. We collected horizontal speed and angular velocity of heading of horses while they turned in different scenarios during competitive polo and horse racing. The data were used to evaluate the limits of turning performance. During high-speed turns of large radius horizontal speed was lower on the bend, as would be predicted from a model assuming a limb force limit to running speed. During small radius turns the angular velocity of heading decreased with increasing speed in a manner consistent with the coefficient of friction of the hoof–surface interaction setting the limit to centripetal force to avoid slipping.
