星云湖是云南九大高原湖泊之一，屬富營養(yǎng)化湖泊,，其分布有很多云南特有的鯉科物種,。其中大頭鯉Cyprinus pellegrini由于其特有性及珍貴性，已被列為國家II級保護動物,。近年來,，星云湖外來物種入侵較為嚴(yán)重，了解目前星云湖土著鯉魚種群構(gòu)成和生存狀態(tài),，可對星云湖土著鯉魚種群保護提供重要的理論依據(jù),。
楊君興研究員課題組（楊博，陳小勇,，楊君興）整理了最近幾年在星云湖中采集到的鯉魚樣本,，并將之與中國科學(xué)院昆明動物研究所魚類標(biāo)本庫的館藏標(biāo)本進行了比對。形態(tài)學(xué)分析顯示：最近幾年間采集到的“大頭鯉”標(biāo)本介于大頭鯉和普通鯉魚之間,，與星云湖其他鯉魚均無形態(tài)學(xué)重合,；但線粒體基因序列分析結(jié)果顯示：采集到的大部分鯉魚與大頭鯉同源性較高，其余部分鯉魚則和其他地區(qū)鯉魚序列同源性較高,。結(jié)合相關(guān)歷史資料分析表明：目前星云湖中的純種大頭鯉已經(jīng)滅絕,；由于星云湖中已經(jīng)引入多種來源的外來鯉魚，該湖中的現(xiàn)生鯉魚多為大頭鯉及多種鯉魚的雜交后代,，來源包括原產(chǎn)黑龍江的鯉魚Cyprinus carpio haematopterus,、元江的華南鯉Cyprinus rubrofuscus、錦鯉,、歐洲的鯉魚等,。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果已發(fā)表于國際知名保護生物學(xué)期刊,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Biological Invasions（2011） DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9793-9
Non-native carp of the genus Cyprinus in Lake Xingyun, China, as revealed by morphology and mitochondrial DNA analysis
Bo Yang, Xiaoyong Chen and Junxing Yang
Lake Xingyun is a major body of water in Yunnan Province, China. Previous investigations suggested that the lake contained native populations of carp of the genus Cyprinus, but it is believed that these native populations disappeared due to overfishing. However, one or more Cyprinus species are currently abundant in Lake Xingyun but their identity and origin are unclear. To determine if the existing Cyprinus population is indeed non-native, we compared the morphologies of fish (n = 62) recently captured (2007) to museum preserved Cyprinus collected in the lake in the 1960s. In addition, we conducted mitochondrial DNA analyses of Cyprinus (n = 65) recently taken from the lake and found 28 haplotypes. The genetics of the lake’s sample were compared to Cyprinus from a wide range of other locations within and outside China. Together with previously published Japanese and Eurasian haplotypes, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated 28 haplotypes and these were classified into five different units. One of the five units included 16 closely related haplotypes that formed a monophyletic group apart from the Eurasian clade. Given their monophyly that included 3 native carp haplotypes, haplotypes from this unit were thought to originate from the native strain of Lake Xingyun. Furthermore, combining this with result from morphological analysis, it was concluded that these haplotypes were likely hybrid carp. Conversely, haplotypes from the other 4 units nested into the Eurasian clade. Their phylogenetic affinities to Eurasian lineages indicated that these haplotypes were domesticated strains introduced from other parts of China, Vietnam and Europe. These conclusions were supported by historical records on introduction. This study revealed that almost all carp from current Lake Xingyun may be originated from hybrid strains and domesticated strains introduced from Eurasia.
Keywords Biological invasion - Morphological analysis - D-loop - Native strain - Hybrid
