據(jù)英國(guó)媒體報(bào)道,科學(xué)家表示雌性和雄性大熊貓偏愛不同的棲息地,。雌熊貓往往喜歡海拔較高的針葉林和斜坡上的混生林,,公熊貓則沒有這么挑剔。雌熊貓的挑剔是為繁育下一代著想,,它們要找到合適的洞穴,,周圍長(zhǎng)著大量竹子,一方面幫助幼仔隱藏,,另一方面提供充足的食物,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于革新大熊貓保護(hù)策略,在將它們放歸野外時(shí)能夠選擇合適的地點(diǎn),。研究論文刊登在《動(dòng)物學(xué)期刊》上,。
在中國(guó)中南部的涼山,中國(guó)科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所的研究人員對(duì)大熊貓的活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了研究,。他們?cè)谝巴膺M(jìn)行考察,,根據(jù)目擊記錄或者糞便統(tǒng)計(jì)大熊貓的數(shù)量。通過研究糞便樣本中提取的DNA,,研究人員得以確定熊貓的性別,。
大熊貓是獨(dú)居動(dòng)物,生活在中國(guó)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)零星的山地森林,??茖W(xué)家已經(jīng)非常了解大熊貓為了生存所選擇棲息地的基本類型,它們的棲息地往往是森林地區(qū),,海拔高度超過1500米,,長(zhǎng)著大量竹子。竹子是大熊貓的主要食物,。
通常情況下,,這種動(dòng)物不會(huì)選擇海拔更高并且竹子不多的山峰,以及人類生活的海拔較低的地區(qū),。但雌性和雄性大熊貓的特定需求卻一直在很大程度上遭到忽視,,直到現(xiàn)在??茖W(xué)家進(jìn)行的研究證實(shí)兩性都偏愛森林覆蓋率較高的高海拔地區(qū),。相比之下,雌熊貓更加挑剔,。它們往往選擇高海拔針葉林,、混生林和歷史上的皆伐林。此外,它們還偏愛10到20度的斜坡棲息地,。這些棲息地有利于撫養(yǎng)后代,。雌熊貓對(duì)洞穴非常挑剔,往往選擇被年齡超過200歲的大型針葉樹包圍的洞穴,,說明它們選擇的洞穴可能局限于采伐區(qū),。
相比之下,雄熊貓的棲息地選擇面更廣,,有些棲息地與雌熊貓的棲息地重疊,。研究人員表示,在保護(hù)和管理大熊貓時(shí)應(yīng)該將這種性別分離現(xiàn)象考慮在內(nèi),。雌熊貓的棲息地選擇面不及雄熊貓,。也就是說,棲息地減少和人類采伐森林對(duì)兩性的影響可能不成比例,。在進(jìn)行大熊貓繁育和放歸野外工作時(shí),,同樣需要考慮這一因素。
研究人員表示,,公路對(duì)大熊貓活動(dòng)的影響不像此前認(rèn)為的那樣巨大,。雌熊貓經(jīng)常在被廢棄的集材道路附近活動(dòng),這些道路在所在地區(qū)畫出一個(gè)個(gè)十字,。雄熊貓的棲息地往往靠近車輛使用的公路,,這可能因?yàn)樗鼈冃枰┬懈L(zhǎng)距離,尋找配偶,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Journal of Zoology DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00831.x
Qi, Dunwu; Zhang, Shanning; Zhang, Zejun; Hu, Yibo; Yang, Xuyu; Wang, Hongjia; Wei, Fuwen
A feature of many endangered species management plans, is the provision or protection of habitat. However, defining exactly what constitutes habitat can be difficult. This is made more complicated when habitat preferences differ within a species such as between males and females. Using a combination of field surveys and sex identification through fecal DNA, we investigated gender differences in habitat use in wild giant pandas through ecological niche factor analysis modelling. Our results indicated that both males and females tended to prefer areas at high altitudes and with high forest cover. However, significant sexual differences in habitat selection were also observed. Furthermore, habitat preferences of females are more restrictive than those of males, and females have a stronger association with high altitude conifer forest, mixed forest, historically clear-felled forest and >10 to ≤20° slopes. The more restricted habitat preferences of females could be explained by their need for dens for birthing and dense bamboo cover for concealing the young. Therefore, effective conservation and management strategies should consider these differences in habitat selection of females and males.