中科院武漢植物園張全發(fā)等在《環(huán)境科學(xué)與政策》（Environmental Science & Policy）上發(fā)表了“中國三峽環(huán)境變化與減緩行動”的評論文章,。該文較系統(tǒng)評估了三峽工程建設(shè)以來三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的變化，并介紹了我國政府應(yīng)對地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境變化的相關(guān)政策和策略,。
三峽大壩作為迄今世界上最大的水力發(fā)電設(shè)施,，具有防洪、航運,、發(fā)電等巨大的綜合社會經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，但同時對庫區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境也造成了一定的影響,。文章從生物多樣性,、水環(huán)境、消落區(qū),、山地等幾方面探討了三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的變化,，并針對生物多樣性保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建,、污水處理設(shè)施建設(shè)、消落區(qū)綜合治理,、及庫區(qū)生態(tài)屏障建設(shè)等方面,，介紹和評估了應(yīng)對庫區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境變化的減緩行動。文章認(rèn)為,，三峽庫區(qū)作為長江流域的關(guān)鍵位置,，對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的發(fā)展都具有深遠(yuǎn)的影響，但如何平衡庫區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系,，是三峽工程生態(tài)安全運行和庫區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展所面臨的首要問題,。最后，該文建議加快庫區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,，借鑒外國大型水利設(shè)施在工程與生態(tài)方面的經(jīng)驗,，為三峽庫區(qū)的環(huán)境保護(hù)制定適合自身發(fā)展的政策和策略。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2011.07.008
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The environmental changes and mitigation actions in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China
Quanfa Zhang , Zhiping Lou
The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) is by far the world's largest hydroelectric scheme. Due to its unprecedented magnitude, the TGD has been controversial ever since it was proposed in the early 20th century and building commenced in 1993. Recent problems, including geological disasters (e.g., landslides) in the uplands and algal blooms in the aquatic environment since the reservoir's partial filling to 156 m in 2006, suggest that the environmental challenge has never been greater than now. The environmental deterioration might be further intensified when the reservoir reaches its final water level of 175 m. Solving the environmental challenges will be essential for the sustainable development of the Three Gorges Reservoir region (TGRR), and environmental sustainability in the TGRR is a high priority for the nation considering its critical location in the Yangtze Basin, which contributes 40% of China's GDP. This article reviews primary environmental assessments for biodiversity conservation, the water environment, water level fluctuation zone, and the uplands after the partial filling in the reservoir region. It also discusses the success of mitigation efforts to date. Although there are successes in mitigation particularly in conservation of endangered plants and fishes, it seems likely that environmental conditions in the TGRR could only get worse in the short term. Building a partnership among the TGD stakeholders, including local residents, governments, and international communities is necessary to meet the mounting environmental challenge in the TGRR and beyond.
