今后,，持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的人口、不斷增長(zhǎng)的收入,、肉類和乳制品消費(fèi)的增加,、以及生物燃料使用的不斷擴(kuò)大，都將對(duì)世界農(nóng)業(yè)和自然資源產(chǎn)生前所未有的需求,。在這種背景下,，我們能否滿足不斷增長(zhǎng)的食品需求同時(shí)減少農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞？在本期的一篇“分析”文章中,，一個(gè)由環(huán)境和農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家組成的國(guó)際小組對(duì)這一問(wèn)題做出了肯定回答,，但要做到這一點(diǎn)將是不容易的。利用新的地理空間數(shù)據(jù)和模型,，他們?cè)u(píng)估了新的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式何以能夠?qū)Z食生產(chǎn)和環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展都有利,。 他們識(shí)別出能夠使糧食產(chǎn)量加倍同時(shí)減少環(huán)境影響的四個(gè)策略：第一，停止農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的擴(kuò)張,；第二,，縮小低產(chǎn)農(nóng)田的“產(chǎn)量差距”；第三,，提高收成,；第四，我們需要改變自己的飲食習(xí)慣,，使糧食生產(chǎn)能夠減少浪費(fèi),，即減少用作牲畜飼料、用來(lái)生產(chǎn)生物能源和用于其他非食物應(yīng)用的糧食用量,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature10452
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Solutions for a cultivated planet
Jonathan A. Foley,1 Navin Ramankutty,2 Kate A. Brauman,1 Emily S. Cassidy,1 James S. Gerber,1 Matt Johnston,1 Nathaniel D. Mueller,1 Christine O’Connell,1 Deepak K. Ray,1 Paul C. West,1 Christian Balzer,3 Elena M. Bennett,4 Stephen R. Carpenter,5 Jason Hill,1, 6 Chad Monfreda,7 Stephen Polasky,1, 8 Johan Rockstr?m,9 John Sheehan,1 Stefan Siebert,10 David Tilman1, 11 & David P. M. Zaks12
Increasing population and consumption are placing unprecedented demands on agriculture and natural resources. Today, approximately a billion people are chronically malnourished while our agricultural systems are concurrently degrading land, water, biodiversity and climate on a global scale. To meet the world’s future food security and sustainability needs, food production must grow substantially while, at the same time, agriculture’s environmental footprint must shrink dramatically. Here we analyse solutions to this dilemma, showing that tremendous progress could be made by halting agricultural expansion, closing ‘yield gaps’ on underperforming lands, increasing cropping efficiency, shifting diets and reducing waste. Together, these strategies could double food production while greatly reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.
