近日,，研究人員在Current Biology雜志上發(fā)表文章"Dogs' Gaze Following Is Tuned to Human Communicative Signals"證實(shí)，狗不僅能夠理解我們所說的話,，還可以明白當(dāng)我們看它們時(shí)的眼神含義,，甚至它們還能分辨我們的語調(diào)。
它是聰明的孩子,？研究人員最新研究稱，狗擁有類似人類嬰兒的認(rèn)知能力
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)狗的理解水平非常類似于年幼嬰兒,，匈牙利科學(xué)院的杰斯塞弗-托帕爾(Jszsef Topal)說：“越來越清晰的證據(jù)表明人類和狗擁有相同的社交能力,，狗的社交能力從某些方面類似于6個(gè)月至兩歲大小的嬰兒。”
狗甚至能觀察到我們?nèi)绾文抗饨佑|,，洞悉我們?yōu)槭裁磳?duì)它說話以及話語的含義,。托帕爾說：“狗，非常類似于人類嬰兒,，對(duì)于我們?nèi)祟惖囊鈭D信息非常敏感,。”
創(chuàng)新性研究：研究人員使用眼動(dòng)儀軟件確定狗和人類嬰兒對(duì)于人類的語言指令具有類似的表達(dá)方式
托帕爾帶領(lǐng)的研究小組檢測(cè)分析了人類對(duì)狗言語指令下的視頻資料，“嘿,！狗,！”，以不同的語調(diào),，以及不同的目光接觸下狗的具體行為表現(xiàn),。
研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗能夠像嬰兒一樣“讀懂”人們的目光接觸以及人類的情緒,，它們知道什么時(shí)候被人們所提及,，甚至能夠猜測(cè)到人們所想。托帕爾博士稱,，這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果無庸置疑地證實(shí)了許多狗主人和訓(xùn)練師所進(jìn)行的訓(xùn)練是有效的,。
然而，目前研究人員尚不清楚狗是否依賴于與人類大腦類似的提示信息處理方式,。托帕爾博士帶領(lǐng)研究小組記錄了人們面向兩個(gè)塑料壺的狀態(tài)下以不同語調(diào)指令狗時(shí),，眼動(dòng)儀捕捉狗的反應(yīng)信息,。
在第一種狀態(tài)下，人們首次直視盯著狗,，然后高聲調(diào)地說：“嘿,！狗！”在第二種狀態(tài)下,，人們僅以低沉的聲音說：“嘿,！狗！”,，期間有意地避開與狗的目光對(duì)視,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們首次表達(dá)與它們進(jìn)行溝通時(shí)狗會(huì)跟隨人們的眼神觀看塑料壺。
托帕爾博士強(qiáng)調(diào)稱,，我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示從某種意義上狗非常樂意接受人類的溝通,，而此前僅在嬰兒上發(fā)現(xiàn)到這種現(xiàn)象。然而這是首次使用眼動(dòng)儀技術(shù)來研究狗的社交能力,。
托帕爾博士說：“通過跟蹤狗的眼睛移動(dòng),，我們能夠直接洞悉它們的思想和行為意向。我們認(rèn)為未來使用眼動(dòng)跟蹤技術(shù)將獲得一些意想不到的發(fā)現(xiàn),。”（生物谷bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.018
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Dogs' Gaze Following Is Tuned to Human Communicative Signals
Ernő Téglás, Anna Gergely, Krisztina Kupán, Ádám Miklósi, József Topál
Recent evidence suggests that preverbal infants' gaze following can be triggered only if an actor's head turn is preceded by the expression of communicative intent. Such connectedness between ostensive and referential signals may be uniquely human, enabling infants to effectively respond to referential communication directed to them. In the light of increasing evidence of dogs' social communicative skills, an intriguing question is whether dogs' responsiveness to human directional gestures is associated with the situational context in an infant-like manner. Borrowing a method used in infant studies, dogs watched video presentations of a human actor turning toward one of two objects, and their eye-gaze patterns were recorded with an eye tracker. Results show a higher tendency of gaze following in dogs when the human's head turning was preceded by the expression of communicative intent (direct gaze, addressing). This is the first evidence to show that (1) eye-tracking techniques can be used for studying dogs' social skills and (2) the exploitation of human gaze cues depends on the communicatively relevant pattern of ostensive and referential signals in dogs. Our findings give further support to the existence of a functionally infant-analog social competence in this species.
