近日,，美國(guó)J Pers Soc Psychol雜志發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究"The financial consequences of too many men: Sex ratio effects on saving, borrowing, and spending"表明，當(dāng)男女出生比例的失衡,，男性數(shù)量大于女性時(shí),，男人對(duì)女人會(huì)更大方。
研究人員讓參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的男人閱讀一份報(bào)告,，報(bào)告稱男女比例已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重失調(diào),，在未來(lái)女人會(huì)更少。然后,，研究人員讓實(shí)驗(yàn)者寫(xiě)下他們未來(lái)的儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃及負(fù)債預(yù)期,。結(jié)果顯示，男人們?cè)敢饷總€(gè)月花掉比過(guò)去多42%的工資,，以及承擔(dān)比過(guò)去多84%的債務(wù),。
這項(xiàng)研究的負(fù)責(zé)人，美國(guó)明尼蘇達(dá)州大學(xué)教授Vladas Griskevicius表示,，造成這種現(xiàn)象的主要原因在于擇偶競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,，使得男人需要更多的金錢投入來(lái)獲得女人的青睞，這與自然界中雄性之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是一樣的,。當(dāng)動(dòng)物世界中雌性出生率下降時(shí),，雄性往往變得更好斗，因?yàn)樗鼈冃枰嗟母?jìng)爭(zhēng)去獲得交配的機(jī)會(huì),。而人類與之不同的是,，動(dòng)物們比拼的是體力，而人類則競(jìng)爭(zhēng)金錢,、地位與權(quán)力,。
接著，研究人員將同樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)用于女人,，結(jié)果顯示,，當(dāng)女人得知本地區(qū)男性比例高于女性時(shí)，都期望自己的男友花更多錢用在約會(huì)上,，比如選擇更高級(jí)的餐廳等,。Griskevicius表示：“當(dāng)女人意識(shí)到自己很搶手時(shí),，會(huì)希望男人竭盡全力的討好自己。”
而對(duì)此,，大多數(shù)男人表示認(rèn)同,，他們認(rèn)為當(dāng)男性數(shù)量大于女性時(shí)，自己會(huì)比過(guò)去更愿意花錢做些浪漫事兒,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1037/a0024761
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The financial consequences of too many men: Sex ratio effects on saving, borrowing, and spending
Griskevicius V, Tybur JM, Ackerman JM, Delton AW, Robertson TE, White AE.
The ratio of males to females in a population is an important factor in determining behavior in animals. We propose that sex ratio also has pervasive effects in humans, such as by influencing economic decisions. Using both historical data and experiments, we examined how sex ratio influences saving, borrowing, and spending in the United States. Findings show that male-biased sex ratios (an abundance of men) lead men to discount the future and desire immediate rewards. Male-biased sex ratios decreased men's desire to save for the future and increased their willingness to incur debt for immediate expenditures. Sex ratio appears to influence behavior by increasing the intensity of same-sex competition for mates. Accordingly, a scarcity of women led people to expect men to spend more money during courtship, such as by paying more for engagement rings. These findings demonstrate experimentally that sex ratio influences human decision making in ways consistent with evolutionary biological theory. Implications for sex ratio effects across cultures are discussed.
