土地利用／覆蓋變化與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理被認為是人類活動影響陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)地上／地下生態(tài)過程最重要和最直接的兩個因素,。目前，針對中國西北干旱區(qū)荒漠綠洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng),，關注土地利用／覆被變化與土地管理措施對土壤動物群落演變過程及其多樣性形成的耦合影響與調(diào)控機制的綜合性研究甚少,。
中國科學院寒區(qū)旱區(qū)環(huán)境與工程研究所科研人員以黑河中游人工綠洲邊緣天然草地及其轉(zhuǎn)變的人工梭梭灌木林（21a）、人工楊樹林（28a）,、人工樟子松林（33a）和農(nóng)田（開墾27a和100a）為研究對象,，基于6種研究樣地中小型土壤動物群落的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，采用多變量排序和通徑分析等方法,，研究了土地利用／覆被變化與管理措施對中小型土壤動物群落及其主要類群演變的耦合效應,。
研究表明：①將天然草地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槲磳嵤┕芾泶胧┑娜斯に笏蠊嗄玖趾蟛⑽匆鹜寥绖游锶郝浣M成、數(shù)量和物種多樣性的顯著變化,，而轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷嵤┕芾泶胧┑臈顦浜驼磷铀扇斯ち旨稗r(nóng)田后,，導致了土壤動物群落組成、數(shù)量和物種多樣性的變異,，證實了土地覆被變化對中小型土壤動物群落的作用及其效應受管理措施的強烈調(diào)控,。
②土壤動物群落的演變過程受土地覆被變化與灌溉和施肥管理的共同影響，其中灌溉的貢獻率最大,，是關鍵驅(qū)動因子,。
③不同土壤動物類群對土地覆被變化和管理耦合作用的響應不同。灌溉對跳蟲,、甲螨和革螨的個體數(shù)量和物種豐富度的直接影響和總效應最大,；施肥對輻螨的個體數(shù)量和物種豐富度的直接影響和總效應最大,；灌溉和施肥對稀有類群的個體數(shù)量和物種豐富度的直接影響和總效應均較大，具同等重要的作用,。
研究表明：土地覆被變化與管理耦合作用通過改變土壤水文和生態(tài)環(huán)境條件驅(qū)動了中小型土壤動物群落的演變過程,。
該研究對于深入認識和理解人類活動影響下干旱荒漠綠洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的水、土,、生相互作用關系及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的演變方向,，具有重要科學意義和實際應用價值。
本研究項目受到國家自然科學基金項目（91025021,，31170496）,、國家重點基礎研究發(fā)展計劃“973”項目（2009CB421302）和城市與區(qū)域生態(tài)國家重點實驗室開放基金（SKLURE2009-2-3）共同資助；研究成果發(fā)表于《中國沙漠》,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
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The Combined Effects of Land-cover Change and Management Practices on Soil Microfauna Communities
LI Feng-rui,LIU Ji-liang,LIU Chang-an,NIU Rui-xue,LIU Qi-jun
In this study,，we investigated soil microfauna communities across six major land－use/cover typesof natural grassland and 5 differently managed artificial systems（21－year－old planted shrubland，28－year－oldPoplar and 33－year－old Pinus plantations,，and 27－and 100－year－old croplands）converted from naturalgrassland in an arid region of northwest China．The data were used to quantify the combined effects of landcover change and management disturbances on the dynamics of soil microfauna communities．The conversionof natural grassland to unmanaged planted shrubland did not cause a significant change in the structure of themicrofauna community,，while the conversion of natural shrubland to managed Poplar and Pinus plantationsand croplands significantly increased abundance，richness and diversity of the microfauna community．Multivariate and path analyses showed that the assembly of soil microfauna communities was significantly affectedby the combination of land－cover change（indicated by vegetation cover）,，irrigation and fertilization,，but theirrigation disturbance was the most important driver．The response of soil microfauna to irrigation，fertilization and vegetation cover varied among different components of the assemblages．Overall,，irrigation had thegreatest contribution to observed variation in the abundance and species richness of Collembola,，Oribatidaand Gamasida，while fertilization was more important than irrigation and vegetation cover to variation in theabundance and species richness of Actinetidida,，and both irrigation and fertilization contributed to variationin the abundance and species richness of the rare group．Our results suggest that land－cover change and management disturbances interact in shaping soil microfauna community dynamics,，but irrigation was identifiedto be the most important structuring force in soil fauna communities in this arid environment
