土地利用／覆蓋變化與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理被認(rèn)為是人類活動(dòng)影響陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)地上／地下生態(tài)過(guò)程最重要和最直接的兩個(gè)因素。目前,，針對(duì)中國(guó)西北干旱區(qū)荒漠綠洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，關(guān)注土地利用／覆被變化與土地管理措施對(duì)土壤動(dòng)物群落演變過(guò)程及其多樣性形成的耦合影響與調(diào)控機(jī)制的綜合性研究甚少,。
中國(guó)科學(xué)院寒區(qū)旱區(qū)環(huán)境與工程研究所科研人員以黑河中游人工綠洲邊緣天然草地及其轉(zhuǎn)變的人工梭梭灌木林（21a）、人工楊樹(shù)林（28a）,、人工樟子松林（33a）和農(nóng)田（開(kāi)墾27a和100a）為研究對(duì)象,，基于6種研究樣地中小型土壤動(dòng)物群落的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，采用多變量排序和通徑分析等方法,，研究了土地利用／覆被變化與管理措施對(duì)中小型土壤動(dòng)物群落及其主要類群演變的耦合效應(yīng),。
研究表明：①將天然草地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槲磳?shí)施管理措施的人工梭梭灌木林后并未引起土壤動(dòng)物群落組成,、數(shù)量和物種多樣性的顯著變化，而轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?shí)施管理措施的楊樹(shù)和樟子松人工林及農(nóng)田后,，導(dǎo)致了土壤動(dòng)物群落組成,、數(shù)量和物種多樣性的變異，證實(shí)了土地覆被變化對(duì)中小型土壤動(dòng)物群落的作用及其效應(yīng)受管理措施的強(qiáng)烈調(diào)控,。
②土壤動(dòng)物群落的演變過(guò)程受土地覆被變化與灌溉和施肥管理的共同影響,，其中灌溉的貢獻(xiàn)率最大，是關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)因子,。
③不同土壤動(dòng)物類群對(duì)土地覆被變化和管理耦合作用的響應(yīng)不同,。灌溉對(duì)跳蟲(chóng)、甲螨和革螨的個(gè)體數(shù)量和物種豐富度的直接影響和總效應(yīng)最大,；施肥對(duì)輻螨的個(gè)體數(shù)量和物種豐富度的直接影響和總效應(yīng)最大,；灌溉和施肥對(duì)稀有類群的個(gè)體數(shù)量和物種豐富度的直接影響和總效應(yīng)均較大，具同等重要的作用,。
研究表明：土地覆被變化與管理耦合作用通過(guò)改變土壤水文和生態(tài)環(huán)境條件驅(qū)動(dòng)了中小型土壤動(dòng)物群落的演變過(guò)程,。
該研究對(duì)于深入認(rèn)識(shí)和理解人類活動(dòng)影響下干旱荒漠綠洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的水、土,、生相互作用關(guān)系及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的演變方向,，具有重要科學(xué)意義和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
本研究項(xiàng)目受到國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（91025021,，31170496）,、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃“973”項(xiàng)目（2009CB421302）和城市與區(qū)域生態(tài)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放基金（SKLURE2009-2-3）共同資助；研究成果發(fā)表于《中國(guó)沙漠》,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
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The Combined Effects of Land-cover Change and Management Practices on Soil Microfauna Communities
LI Feng-rui,LIU Ji-liang,LIU Chang-an,NIU Rui-xue,LIU Qi-jun
In this study,，we investigated soil microfauna communities across six major land－use/cover typesof natural grassland and 5 differently managed artificial systems（21－year－old planted shrubland，28－year－oldPoplar and 33－year－old Pinus plantations,，and 27－and 100－year－old croplands）converted from naturalgrassland in an arid region of northwest China．The data were used to quantify the combined effects of landcover change and management disturbances on the dynamics of soil microfauna communities．The conversionof natural grassland to unmanaged planted shrubland did not cause a significant change in the structure of themicrofauna community,，while the conversion of natural shrubland to managed Poplar and Pinus plantationsand croplands significantly increased abundance，richness and diversity of the microfauna community．Multivariate and path analyses showed that the assembly of soil microfauna communities was significantly affectedby the combination of land－cover change（indicated by vegetation cover）,，irrigation and fertilization,，but theirrigation disturbance was the most important driver．The response of soil microfauna to irrigation，fertilization and vegetation cover varied among different components of the assemblages．Overall,，irrigation had thegreatest contribution to observed variation in the abundance and species richness of Collembola,，Oribatidaand Gamasida，while fertilization was more important than irrigation and vegetation cover to variation in theabundance and species richness of Actinetidida,，and both irrigation and fertilization contributed to variationin the abundance and species richness of the rare group．Our results suggest that land－cover change and management disturbances interact in shaping soil microfauna community dynamics,，but irrigation was identifiedto be the most important structuring force in soil fauna communities in this arid environment
