云南大學(xué)張喜光課題組利用上海光源同步輻射顯微CT技術(shù)(SR-uCT)結(jié)合掃描電鏡方法對古生物甲殼類化石進(jìn)行研究,,發(fā)現(xiàn)少許保存近乎完整的柄眼,、觸角和一系列腿肢的磷足類化石。該項(xiàng)研究利用特異保存化石,,論證寒武紀(jì)早期磷足類甲殼動物的軀體構(gòu)建(body plan)基本特征的原創(chuàng)成果,為探討早期節(jié)肢動物的適應(yīng)分異與演化提供了新信息,。研究成果于近期發(fā)表在Current Biology上,,題為The First Stalk-Eyed Phosphatocopine Crustacean from the Lower Cambrian of China(Current Biology, 2012, 22: 2149–2154)。
在研究過程中,,課題組利用上海光源成像線站(BL13W1)的同步輻射顯微CT技術(shù)探測到掃描電鏡技術(shù)無法觸及的化石內(nèi)部可能保存的微細(xì)構(gòu)造,,為研究提供了寶貴的準(zhǔn)確信息。
該項(xiàng)研究工作中含軟軀體的甲殼動物化石歸屬于‘Orsten’型特異化石寶庫(Lagerst?tte),,樣品采自我國云南永善寒武紀(jì)肖灘剖面,。此類化石在上世紀(jì)70年代由德國K. J. Müller首次發(fā)現(xiàn)并命名,主要包括一些微小的分類位置不明的胚胎和具外皮的后生動物(多為節(jié)肢動物)幼體,。它們經(jīng)億萬年埋藏并被磷酸鹽化,,其軟軀體部分可顯示體表微米級的剛毛、腺孔,,甚至細(xì)胞構(gòu)造,。
張喜光教授研究組多年來一直致力于此類特異化石研究,論文中的磷足類甲殼動物,,與先前報道的一些寒武紀(jì)晚期保存了中眼(median eyes),、纖細(xì)的第一觸角(antennula)、單一折曲背甲(single-fold shield)和一系列甲殼類附肢的磷足類相比,,是迄今已知最古老的發(fā)育了柄眼的甲殼動物,,還有一對強(qiáng)壯的第一觸角。這證實(shí)了在早期進(jìn)化歷程中,至少有一部分磷足類的視覺和附肢已發(fā)生明顯變異,。剖析帶柄眼磷足類的頭部,,其著生視覺的體節(jié)應(yīng)與一些干群(stem group)節(jié)肢類的前體節(jié)(anterior segment)同源,以此表明它們在系統(tǒng)發(fā)育上存在的必然聯(lián)系,。新的證據(jù)還表明:不同時代的磷足類,,其附肢顯示了總體上的一致性和時間推移帶來的顯著變遷。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.027
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The First Stalk-Eyed Phosphatocopine Crustacean from the Lower Cambrian of China
Xi-guang Zhang1, , , Brian R. Pratt2
Exhibiting Orsten-type preservation, specimens of the phosphatocopine Dabashanella sp. from the Lower Cambrian Stage 3 (about 520 million years ago) of southern China possess a single-fold shield and a set of appendages of crustacean design. More significantly, a pair of stalked eyes—the earliest known visual structure in this group—is attached to an ocular segment analogous to the anterior sclerite of various stem-group arthropods [ 1 and 2]. Accordingly, a unique visual system must have been present among some, if not all, early phosphatocopines. In comparison with the ground pattern of later members of this group [3], the new phosphatocopine, which with its unique head segmentation and limb design is unlikely to be embraced within the previously proposed Labrophora [ 4 and 5], demonstrates a remarkable modification and innovation in the appendages and visual system with time. Thus, this finding provides new data for the evaluation of the early evolutionary development and phylogenetics of the Crustacea and other related euarthropods.