牛肝菌(boletes)具有重要經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)價值,不少種是世界著名的野生食用菌,,部分種是有名的毒菌,,多數(shù)種是樹木外生菌根菌。該科真菌形態(tài)多樣,、結構繁雜,、分布廣泛、平行進化與趨同進化并存,,系統(tǒng)親緣關系復雜,,分類困難,食用物種和有毒物種容易混淆而導致毒菌中毒,。
中國科學院昆明植物研究所楊祝良研究員指導的博士生M. I. Hosen,、曾念開等對其中部分牛肝菌物種進行了研究,根據(jù)形態(tài)學證據(jù)和DNA序列分析結果,,發(fā)現(xiàn)1新屬8新種,,部分研究成果剛在真菌學主流期刊Fungal Diversity上發(fā)表(Hosen et al. 2013; Zeng et al. 2013)。
在孟加拉國龍腦香科森林中,,發(fā)現(xiàn)牛肝菌科一新屬——大孔牛肝菌屬(Borofutus)及該屬一新種大孔牛肝菌(B. dhakanus),,分子系統(tǒng)學分析表明,大孔牛肝菌屬腹菌化的海面牛肝菌屬(Spongiforma)有密切的親緣關系(Hosen et al. 2013),。在對褶孔牛肝菌屬(Phylloporus)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)我國該屬至少有21個系統(tǒng)發(fā)育種,,描述發(fā)表了其中的7個新物種。初步的生物地理學分析發(fā)現(xiàn),,東亞的物種與東南亞的關系最為密切,,東亞-北美/中美的種對或近緣種較為常見,而歐洲-東亞只有一個種對,。研究中并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)歐洲-東亞或東亞-北美/中美的共有種(Zeng et al. 2013),。
該研究得到NSFC-云南聯(lián)合基金重點項目(U0836604)、國家自然科學基金重大國際合作研究項目(31210103919)等資助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI:10.1007/s13225-012-0211-8
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Borofutus, a new genus of Boletaceae from tropical Asia: phylogeny, morphology and taxonomy
Md. Iqbal Hosen, Bang Feng, Gang Wu, Xue Tai Zhu, Yan Chun Li, Zhu L. Yang
A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae, Borofutus, typified by B. dhakanus, is described using morphological and molecular evidence. This is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea robusta. Borofutus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: basidiomata small to medium-sized; pileus grayish brown to cocoa brown; hymenophore subdecurrent, cream then golden brown, with broad, nearly hexagonal pores; basidiospores purple to purplish red in H2O, ornamented with irregular to regular shallow pits; cystidia lageniform, thick-walled. Borofutus is sister to Spongiforma in molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of single or multiple loci. A description, line drawings, phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented herein.