牛肝菌(boletes)具有重要經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)價(jià)值,,不少種是世界著名的野生食用菌,,部分種是有名的毒菌,多數(shù)種是樹木外生菌根菌,。該科真菌形態(tài)多樣,、結(jié)構(gòu)繁雜、分布廣泛,、平行進(jìn)化與趨同進(jìn)化并存,,系統(tǒng)親緣關(guān)系復(fù)雜,分類困難,,食用物種和有毒物種容易混淆而導(dǎo)致毒菌中毒,。
中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所楊祝良研究員指導(dǎo)的博士生M. I. Hosen、曾念開等對(duì)其中部分牛肝菌物種進(jìn)行了研究,,根據(jù)形態(tài)學(xué)證據(jù)和DNA序列分析結(jié)果,,發(fā)現(xiàn)1新屬8新種,,部分研究成果剛在真菌學(xué)主流期刊Fungal Diversity上發(fā)表(Hosen et al. 2013; Zeng et al. 2013),。
在孟加拉國龍腦香科森林中,發(fā)現(xiàn)牛肝菌科一新屬——大孔牛肝菌屬(Borofutus)及該屬一新種大孔牛肝菌(B. dhakanus),,分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)分析表明,,大孔牛肝菌屬腹菌化的海面牛肝菌屬(Spongiforma)有密切的親緣關(guān)系(Hosen et al. 2013)。在對(duì)褶孔牛肝菌屬(Phylloporus)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)我國該屬至少有21個(gè)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育種,描述發(fā)表了其中的7個(gè)新物種,。初步的生物地理學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),,東亞的物種與東南亞的關(guān)系最為密切,東亞-北美/中美的種對(duì)或近緣種較為常見,,而歐洲-東亞只有一個(gè)種對(duì),。研究中并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)歐洲-東亞或東亞-北美/中美的共有種(Zeng et al. 2013)。
該研究得到NSFC-云南聯(lián)合基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(U0836604),、國家自然科學(xué)基金重大國際合作研究項(xiàng)目(31210103919)等資助,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI:10.1007/s13225-012-0211-8
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Borofutus, a new genus of Boletaceae from tropical Asia: phylogeny, morphology and taxonomy
Md. Iqbal Hosen, Bang Feng, Gang Wu, Xue Tai Zhu, Yan Chun Li, Zhu L. Yang
A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae, Borofutus, typified by B. dhakanus, is described using morphological and molecular evidence. This is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea robusta. Borofutus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: basidiomata small to medium-sized; pileus grayish brown to cocoa brown; hymenophore subdecurrent, cream then golden brown, with broad, nearly hexagonal pores; basidiospores purple to purplish red in H2O, ornamented with irregular to regular shallow pits; cystidia lageniform, thick-walled. Borofutus is sister to Spongiforma in molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of single or multiple loci. A description, line drawings, phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented herein.