在伊朗扎格羅斯山脈山麓的一組豐富的化石和人工制品揭示了該地區(qū)的早期居民在1.2萬(wàn)年至9800年前就開(kāi)始了對(duì)谷類作物的農(nóng)業(yè)性栽培。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著從覓食到農(nóng)耕的過(guò)渡在整個(gè)新月沃土或“文明搖籃”地區(qū)發(fā)生在大約相同的時(shí)候,。直到最近,，來(lái)自政治的壓力限制了人們對(duì)東部新月沃土或現(xiàn)代伊朗的考古遺址的挖掘，但在其西部的發(fā)現(xiàn)——例如在塞浦路斯,、敘利亞,、土耳其和伊拉克等遺址——為人們提供了有關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)起源的詳細(xì)線索。現(xiàn)在,，Simone Riehl及其同事對(duì)在伊朗Chogha Golan的無(wú)陶器的（陶器出現(xiàn)前的）新石器時(shí)代遺址的植物殘余物進(jìn)行了分析,，而他們的結(jié)果顯示，那里的人們與同時(shí)代的生活在西部的人們都在種植并碾磨像小麥和大麥這樣的谷物,。據(jù)研究人員披露,，在Chogha Golan遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)的植物殘余物記錄了該地區(qū)2000多年的土地使用并代表了在伊朗的長(zhǎng)期植物管理的最早記錄。他們說(shuō),，居住在Chogha Golan的早期居民在大約1.2萬(wàn)年前開(kāi)始了栽培并最終馴化了野生大麥,、小麥、扁豆和草香豌豆,?？偠灾@些發(fā)現(xiàn)提示,，新月沃土的東部地區(qū)對(duì)新石器文化的發(fā)展同樣也做出了顯著的貢獻(xiàn),，且在新月沃土的大部分地區(qū)基本上是同步發(fā)生的這一過(guò)程帶來(lái)了對(duì)野生植物的管理及對(duì)谷類作物的馴化。一則由George Willcox撰寫(xiě)的《觀點(diǎn)欄目》文章更為詳細(xì)地解釋了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)以及它們的含義,。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1236743
Simone Riehl, Mohsen Zeidi, Nicholas J. Conard
Emergence of Agriculture in the Foothills of the Zagros Mountains of Iran
The role of Iran as a center of origin for domesticated cereals has long been debated. High stratigraphic resolution and rich archaeological remains at the aceramic Neolithic site of Chogha Golan (Ilam Province, present-day Iran) reveal a sequence ranging over 2200 years of cultivation of wild plants and the first appearance of domesticated-type species. The botanical record from Chogha Golan documents how the inhabitants of the site cultivated wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and other wild progenitor species of modern crops, such as wild lentil and pea. Wild wheat species (Triticum spp.) are initially present at less than 10% of total plant species but increase to more than 20% during the last 300 years of the sequence. Around 9800 calendar years before the present, domesticated-type emmer appears. The archaeobotanical remains from Chogha Golan represent the earliest record of long-term plant management in Iran.
