為了幫助緩解未來的氣候挑戰(zhàn)，碳捕獲與儲存（CCS）方案提出捕獲人類產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳并將其注入地下深層的多孔巖石從而長期貯存,，而一項研究報告說,，成功地實施這樣一個方案將需要根據(jù)地下儲存庫的獨特歷史和環(huán)境從而對每一座地下儲存庫進行仔細(xì)的評估。為了讓碳捕獲與儲存（CCS）能夠發(fā)揮作用,，必須讓二氧化碳在地下儲存數(shù)千年時間,，而一些地球?qū)W家認(rèn)為，這個注入的過程可能為地下的儲存庫加壓,，足以打開斷層讓二氧化碳逃出,。為了考量這一問題，James P. Verdon及其同事研究了3個商業(yè)規(guī)模的碳捕獲與儲存（CCS）地點的“地質(zhì)力學(xué)變形”,。在這些地點每年向地下注入100萬噸二氧化碳,，它們分別是挪威北海的Sleipner氣田、加拿大中部的Weyburn氣田以及阿爾及利亞的InSalah氣田,。這組作者把重點放在了對密封完整性的威脅上,，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這3個地點每個都表現(xiàn)出了不同的反應(yīng),，這凸顯了要在氣體注入之前進行系統(tǒng)化的地質(zhì)力學(xué)評估的需要。這組作者說,，此外,，未來的大規(guī)模碳捕獲與儲存（CCS）將需要進行全面和持續(xù)的監(jiān)測，從而確保地下儲存地點保持密封,。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
PNAS 10.1073/pnas.1302156110
James P. Verdon, J.-Michael Kendall, Anna L. Stork, R. Andy Chadwick, Don J. White, and Rob C. Bissell
Comparison of geomechanical deformation induced by megatonne-scale CO2 storage at Sleipner, Weyburn, and In Salah
Geological storage of CO2 that has been captured at large, point source emitters represents a key potential method for reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. However, this technology will only be viable if it can be guaranteed that injected CO2 will remain trapped in the subsurface for thousands of years or more. A significant issue for storage security is the geomechanical response of the reservoir. Concerns have been raised that geomechanical deformation induced by CO2 injection will create or reactivate fracture networks in the sealing caprocks, providing a pathway for CO2 leakage. In this paper, we examine three large-scale sites where CO2 is injected at rates of ∼1 megatonne/y or more: Sleipner, Weyburn, and In Salah. We compare and contrast the observed geomechanical behavior of each site, with particular focus on the risks to storage security posed by geomechanical deformation. At Sleipner, the large, high-permeability storage aquifer has experienced little pore pressure increase over 15 y of injection, implying little possibility of geomechanical deformation. At Weyburn, 45 y of oil production has depleted pore pressures before increases associated with CO2 injection. The long history of the field has led to complicated, sometimes nonintuitive geomechanical deformation. At In Salah, injection into the water leg of a gas reservoir has increased pore pressures, leading to uplift and substantial microseismic activity. The differences in the geomechanical responses of these sites emphasize the need for systematic geomechanical appraisal before injection in any potential storage site.
