在一項關(guān)于倭黑猩猩的社會和情緒能力的發(fā)育的研究中,，科研人員報告說,，母親和后代之間的聯(lián)系可能起到了一個關(guān)鍵的作用,。此前的研究已經(jīng)提示，諸如表達(dá)同情和對其他人的痛苦做出響應(yīng)的社會技能與人類的情緒控制有正相關(guān)性,。Zanna Clay 和 Frans de Waal研究了我們的靈長類近親倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）的社會和情緒能力的發(fā)育,。這組作者研究了剛果民主共和國的一個森林保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的一組幼年倭黑猩猩的一系列社會技能，包括這些猿通過競賽維持社會互動的技能,、克服自我悲傷,、以及通過觸摸,、拍打、吻和擁抱等安慰行為安慰痛苦的同伴,。盡管其中一些倭黑猩猩是在這個保護(hù)區(qū)出生并且由母親撫養(yǎng)的,，大多數(shù)倭黑猩猩是從非法叢林肉食狩獵和寵物貿(mào)易中被解救出來的孤兒而來到這個保護(hù)區(qū)的，并且使用了替代的人類母親在這個保護(hù)區(qū)進(jìn)行了康復(fù),。這組作者報告說,，幼年倭黑猩猩在應(yīng)對自身的痛苦方面更加有效，例如,，這是由它們輸?shù)粢粓鰬?zhàn)斗之后尖叫的頻率和長度確定的,，而且它們也比其他倭黑猩猩更擅長安慰其它倭黑猩猩由沖突引發(fā)的痛苦。這組作者報告說,，此外,，由母親撫養(yǎng)的倭黑猩猩的這類安慰行為比孤兒更常見，這提示母親和后代的聯(lián)系在塑造社會-情緒能力方面的重要性,；母親撫養(yǎng)的倭黑猩猩也能更快地從自身痛苦中恢復(fù),，而且社會能力更強(qiáng)，比孤兒的焦慮程度更低,。這組作者說,，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于闡明倭黑猩猩的社會和情緒發(fā)育（生物谷Bioon.com）。
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316449110
Development of socio-emotional competence in bonobos
Zanna Clay1 and Frans B. M. de Waal1
Social and emotional skills are tightly interlinked in human development,， and both are negatively impacted by disrupted social development. The same interplay between social and emotional skills,， including expressions of empathy， has received scant attention in other primates however,， despite the growing interest in caring,， friendships， and the fitness benefits of social skills. Here we examine the development of socio-emotional competence in juvenile bonobos (Pan paniscus) at a sanctuary in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,， focusing on the interplay between various skills,， including empathy-related responding. Most subjects were rehabilitated orphans， but some were born at the sanctuary and mother-reared there. We observed how juveniles with different rearing backgrounds responded to stressful events,， both when the stress affected themselves (e.g.,， a lost fight) or others (e.g.， witnessing the distress of others). The main dependent variable was the consolation of distressed parties by means of calming body contact. As in children,， consolation was predicted by overall social competence and effective emotion regulation， as reflected in the speed of recovery from self-distress and behavioral measures of anxiety. Juveniles more effective at self-regulation were more likely to console others in distress,， and such behavior was more typical of mother-reared juveniles than orphans. These results highlight the interplay between the development of social and emotional skills in our ape relatives and the importance of the mother–offspring bond in shaping socio-emotional competence.
