研究人員說,亞馬遜流域容納了大約1.6萬種不同的樹種,,但是其中227種——只有總數(shù)的1.4%——占了該雨林中樹的幾乎一半,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著亞馬遜生態(tài)系統(tǒng)——它是全世界最豐富及最多元化的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)——依賴于極小的一組物種。
Hans ter Steege及一個超過100位同事的團隊對在亞馬遜流域遍布的1170個不同樹區(qū)中的任何莖干粗過3.9英寸(10厘米)的樹木進(jìn)行了編目,。他們的分析對整個亞馬遜的樹木物種的豐富,、稀少及富有程度提供了新的細(xì)節(jié)。在此之前,,在那部分世界中的有關(guān)樹木物種的組成及分布的數(shù)據(jù)一直十分稀少,,并局限于本地及區(qū)域性的尺度之內(nèi)。
實際上,,研究人員甚至一直不知道亞馬遜最常見的樹種是什么,。但是,由于這項新的研究,,人們?nèi)缃裰浪谴榘K谽uterpe precatoria棕櫚,。由研究人員確定為“高度主宰的”227種樹往往特別出現(xiàn)于某些棲息地,使得它們局限于1或2種森林——例如沼澤森林,、陸地森林或白沙森林,。總而言之,這些數(shù)據(jù)可在未來對保護(hù)工作及氣候科學(xué)家的工作有幫助,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1243092
Hyperdominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora
Hans ter Steege1,,2,*,, Nigel C. A. Pitman3,,4, Daniel Sabatier5,, Christopher Baraloto6,, Rafael P. Salom?o7,, Juan Ernesto Guevara8,, Oliver L. Phillips9, Carolina V. Castilho10,, William E. Magnusson11,, Jean-Fran?ois Molino5
The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here,, we provide empirical data on the commonness,, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia),, collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species—less diverse than the North American tree flora—accounts for half of the world’s most diverse tree community.